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Internet and Intranet Fundamentals

Internet and Intranet Fundamentals Class 3 Session A Topics TCP/IP Comer Animations and Images Internet Architecture (SessionB) Regulation (Session B) TCP/IP Comer Animations and Images http://www.netbook.cs.purdue.edu/subjindx/indx420.htm ARP and Reverse ARP

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Internet and Intranet Fundamentals

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  1. Internet and Intranet Fundamentals Class 3 Session A

  2. Topics • TCP/IP • Comer Animations and Images • Internet Architecture (SessionB) • Regulation (Session B)

  3. TCP/IP • Comer Animations and Images • http://www.netbook.cs.purdue.edu/subjindx/indx420.htm • ARP and Reverse ARP • Address Resolution Protocol • IP layer must pass to datalink layer the datalink adress of the destination interface • on same network • ARP automates address table update • uses broadcast • RARP • knows frame address, must find own IP address

  4. TCP / IP • ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol • routers generate most ICMP traffic • most common types • destination unreachable: can’t find routing table entry • routing redirect: better route exists • time expired: ttl = 0; traceroute uses this • echo request / echo reply: ping uses this

  5. TCP / IPRouting Architecture • Autonomous Systems (AS) • collection of routers under single administration • use same routing protocol • Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) • keeps routers informed of interior routes • AS-to-AS connection uses a different protocol • Exterior Gateway Protocol • policy routing, transit traffic, local traffic (originating within)

  6. TCP / IPRouting Architecture • Routing Protocols • Reachability Protocols • whether path exists • EGPs and BGPs (Border Gateway Protocol) • Distance Vector Protocol • distance metric to remote network • RIP = Routing Information Protocol • broadcast exchange of routing information • uses UDP • OSPF = Open Shortest Path First

  7. Internet Architecture • Overview • ISPs • Internet Service Providers • Regional Networks • NAPs and MAEs • U.S. Commercial Backbone • Internet Monitoring

  8. Internet ArchitectureOverview • A Network of Networks • internetworking • The Big Picture • http://navigators.com/internet_architecture.html

  9. ISPs • Points of Presence (POPs) • Dial-Up and Dedicated Network Connections • variety of underlying technologies • PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) • modems • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) • Frame Relay, Dedicated T-1 • ADSL and Cable Modems

  10. ISPs • Large and Small • Connect to Regional Network • may be a regional network • Larger Players • UUNet, PSINet, and Netcom • Telcos: MCI, ATT

  11. ISPs • Internet Access also provided by • OSP (Online Service Providers) • AOL, Compuserve, Prodigy • For a complete list of ISPs seeThe List: http://thelist.internet.com/ • IPPs (Internet Presence Providers) • same as ISP but no access provided

  12. ISP Technology • Aggregators • also known concentrators • handles • incoming dial-up calls (say, 100) • a few ISDN lines • leased-line connections (T-1) • frame relay • and function as a router to the internal ISP network

  13. ISP Technology

  14. Regional Networks • BARRNet: Northern Central California (CA) • CERFnet: Western US and International • CICnet: Midwest US (MN, WI, IA, IN, IL, MI, OH) • MIDnet: Mid-US (NE, OK, AR, MO, IA, KS, SD) • NEARNET: Northeastern US (ME, NH, VT, CT, RI, MA) • NYSERNet: Northeastern US (NY...) • SURAnet: Southeastern US (WV, VA, SC, NC, TN, KY, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, Washington, D.C., MD, DE) • Westnet: Western US (AZ, CO, ID, NM, UT, WY)

  15. Regional NetworksCERFnet (now AT&T)

  16. Regional NetworksCERFnet (now AT&T)

  17. Regional Networks

  18. NAPs and MAEs • NAP = Network Access Point • originally NFS • MAE = Metropolitan Area Exchange • MCI Worldcom has a service mark on this • Tier-1 • MAE-East (D.C.) and MAE-West (San Jose) • Tier-2 • LA, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, New York • Giant LAN switch (FDDI)

  19. MAE-Los Angeles cat5500/129 198.32.146.20 triton.cerf.net cat5500/129 198.32.146.14 mae-la.exodus.net cat5500/129 198.32.146.12 mae-la.px.concentric.net cat5500/129 198.32.146.16 mae-la-CCIBRT.mediaone.net cat5500/129 198.32.146.18 f5.peer1.lax1.genuity.net catalyst1/6 198.32.146.19 mae-la.ware.net catalyst1/7 198.32.146.25 mae-la.eni.net catalyst2/4 198.32.146.23 mae-la.intelenet.net isi-cat5500/130 198.32.146.26 maela-lap.digilink.net isi-cat5500/136 198.32.146.17 mae-la.lap.interworld.net isi-cat5500/137 198.32.146.10 lap.ln.net isi-cat5500/138 198.32.146.21 mae-la.above.net isi-cat5500/139 198.32.146.24 mae-la.zocalo.net isi-cat5500/140 198.32.146.15 e0.br1.USC.globalcenter.net isi-cat5500/194 198.32.146.3 m.ep.net isi-cat5500/202 198.32.146.27 lap.berkeley.edu isi-cat5500/203 198.32.146.11 sandbox.ep.net isi-cat5500/204 198.32.146.111 iosv6-7k.ep.net (unknown) 198.32.146.13 mae-la.ni.net

  20. U.S. Commercial Backbone • ANS (formerly the NSF backbone, now owned by MCI WorldComm) • AT&T Network Services • BBN Planet • MCI WorldCom • Sprintlink • UUNET (now owned by MCI WorldCom) • PSI

  21. Regional NetworksPSINet & UUNET • Performance Systems Intenational • based in Herndon, VA • http://www.psi.com/network/NorthAmer.html • UUNET • MCI’s internet subsidiary • http://www.uunet.com/network/northam.htm

  22. U.S. Commercial Backbone • Minor ISPs Interconnect to Regional Networks at Tier-2 NAPs and MAEs • T-1, T-3 • Regional Networks Connect to Backboneat NAPs • T-3, OC-3, OC-12 and up

  23. Internet Monitoring • http://www.mids.org/ “MIDS examines the composition, content, and users of the Internet and other networks in the Matrix of all computers worldwide that exchange electronic mail. We organize information on many such topics textually, graphically, and geographically, and publish it in many places, including our own.”

  24. Internet MonitoringNetwork Wizards http://www.isc.org/ds/hosts.html

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