BRI – Back to the Future

1. BRI – Back to the Future Presentation to the FLORIDA FARM TO FUEL SUMMIT Renewable Energy For the 21st Century

2. Future Vision: What If We Could Show The Global Community How To… • Move toward a world that is more regionally energy independent • Provide communities with affordable energy from renewable resources • Reduce dependence on landfills • Create a cleaner fuel for cars and trucks

3. Technology Partners • Parsons Corporation has reviewed and evaluated our technology and issued a report verifying our assertions regarding both the technology and the process. www.parsons.com • Katzen International will provide the process design, efficiency, optimization and technical support. www.katzen.com • Bio-Engineering Resources, Inc will provide the proprietary support for the bio-catalytic systems.

4. Required Project Elements • Secure commitments for feedstock • An interconnection to the electrical grid for the delivery of surplus energy • Secure option for disposal of the ash residue (about 15% by weight) of the feedstock • A site equal to approximately 8 acres

5. BRI Technology Produces bioethanol and electricity from carbon also called “carbonaceous feedstock” that can be sourced from: • Agricultural Residues • Distillers Grain (DDG) • Green Waste • Bio-solids & Animal Wastes • Wood Wastes • Municipal Solid Waste • Bio-Diesel “Bottoms” • Refinery Tars & Waste Oils • Used Tires & Plastics • Coal & Other Hydrocarbons A patented microorganism ingests synthesis gas (gasified wastes) and emits pure bioethanol

6. BRI Technology Benefits • Consumes 85% of solid waste by converting the carbon content of the feedstock • Produces steam for industrial neighbors and applications • Generates renewable electricity • Provides a fuel oxygenate to reduce pollution from vehicle emissions via ethanol

7. Bioengineering Resources, Inc. Fayetteville, Arkansas

8. Biomass Composition/Conversionby various conversion technologies Component Wt. % % to EtOH % to EtOH % to EtOH CORN CELLULOSIC BRI Hemicellulose 10 – 25 = 0 0 10 – 25 Cellulose 40 – 60 = 40 – 60 40 – 60 40 – 60 Lignin 10 – 20 = 0 0 10 – 20 Ash 2 – 5 = __0__ __0__ __0__ Total 100% 40 – 60% 40 – 60% 95 – 98%

9. Yields of Ethanol from Biomass by various conversion technologies Conversion Process Theoretical Yield (Gal EtOH / Dry Ton) fermentation acid Biomass Sugars Ethanol 80 enzyme fermentation Biomass Sugars Ethanol 85 catalyst Biomass Syngas Ethanol 77 Biocatalyst (BRI Process) Biomass Syngas Ethanol 145

10. Fermenter

11. Distillation

12. Gasifier

13. Emission Streams Handled By By-products Source Ash from Gasifier Cell Purge Gas Scrubber Fermenter Exhaust Solids Liquid Gas Landfill Recycled to Gasifier Wastewater Combusted for Energy

14. BRI Process Development • BRI Process has been developed and patented over a 15 year period by Dr. James L. Gaddy. • The BRI Process has successfully been scaled from the laboratory to an operational pilot facility. • Development funding has been $10,000,000 private funds and $5,000,000 U.S. DOE grants. • BRI Process has just completed a 24 month continuous operations run to validate process continuity and reliability at the pilot plant.

15. How Does It Work? • The BRI technology uses a thermal gasification process to “crack” complex carbon molecules and reform them into simple carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide • The reformed gases (syngas) is delivered to a bioreaction fermentation vessel where the gasses are ingested by the active cultures • The result of this metabolic process is bioethanol, hydrogen and water • A standard distillation process is used to separate the bioethanol from the water

16. BRI Process Schematic Molecular Sieve Fermenter Gas clean-up and heat recovery Gasifier Biomass Feedstock 99.5% Anhydrous Ethanol Nutrients 95% Ethanol Ash Steam Power Dilute Distillation Cell Filtration Ethanol Exhaust Gas To Fuel Purge Water Recycle

17. Patented Micro-Organism Used for Production of Bioethanol Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner, et. al., 1993

18. What Is Unique About BRI’s Technology? • Different feedstocks can be blended • Handles up to 30% moisture content • Dry feedstock (Tires & Plastics) can be blended with wet feedstock to achieve the 30% moisture limit • The process is odorless • Can alternatively produce hydrogen

19. BRI Plants are Modular A single plant module will : • Process 50,000 tons of carbon and biomass annually • Produce 4,000,000 gallons of bioethanol annually • Generate 1.5 MW of excess electricity for sale to the grid Carbon Fuel Bales From MSW

20. Proven Equipment • Plant will use proven energy equipment that has been used for over 50 years in the energy industry • The distillation and fermentation equipment is a standard in the global ethanol industry • The equipment is provided by established companies and is fully guaranteed

21. Who Stands Behind BRI Technology? BRI will stand behind their technology including support from their suppliers : • EPC agreement with a major multi-national engineering firm • Process design guarantee from Katzen International (Fermentation & Distillation) • Existing equipment guarantees from the component suppliers (Energy & Gasification)

22. Benefits of Ethanol as a Fuel • Ethanol is routinely blended at 10% with Gasoline as a Volume extender to reduce fuel importation requirements • Ethanol is an octane enhancer • US experience shows that 10% blending will reduce vehicle emissions from automobiles by 21% • Ethanol can be blended at fuel depots, delivered to existing service stations and compliments the existing distribution system

23. Advantages of Gasification-Fermentation • Flexible - raw materials may be blended • High Yield - single product - simple separation • Faster Fermentation - smaller reactors • Complete disposal of organic wastes • Accomplishes waste sterilization • Available waste heat

24. NO… The BRI process does not pollute. The emissions from the gasifier are fed to the microorganisms in the fermentation tank to assure all pollutants are eliminated. Does the BRI Process Pollute?

25. Gasification There are no air emissions from the gasification step. The syngas is treated through “scrubbing” and activated carbon filtration and then fed directly to the fermentation vessels. Electricity Generation Waste heat from the cooling of the synthesis gases is used to create high temperature steam. Syngas remaining after the fermentation stage has high concentrations of hydrogen that can be combusted to produce additional high temperature stream or the hydrogen can be reclaimed for external markets. Air Emissions

26. Process Byproducts Ash 5% ash remains from organic material. Inerts or inorganics such as metals or glass will remain in the ash for landfilling or recycling. We estimate that the combinations of ash from the organics and the inorganics will total approximately 15%. Wastewater Syngas is “scrubbed” prior to introduction to the fermentation vessel resulting in a waste water that is treated for recycling. Excess water is treated and suitable for irrigation uses. Air Air emissions are minimal with low levels of hydrogen and CO2. The hydrogen can be reclaimed for available markets or discharged. The levels are far below U.S. EPA and international guidelines.

27. Fermentation Technology Will : Produce ethanol from locally generated carbon rich feedstock derived from solid waste and sewage sludge Reduce Dependence on Landfills Provide communities with low-cost renewable electricity (green power) Contribute to a cleaner environment Overview of BRI’s Technology

28. In Summary The BRI Energy Process will : • Provide environmentally-responsive methods for disposing of wastes • Respond to government mandates for the introduction of renewable fuels and “green” electric energy • Promote local energy and fuel independence

29. BRI Regional Environmental & Energy Solutions For a Global Community