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Imperialism and World War I

Imperialism and World War I. Test Date Wednesday February 3rd, 2016. Imperialism and World War I. Imperialism Motives Economic Fueled by the Industrial Revolution Financial Prosperity Raw Materials Cheap Labor New Markets. Imperialism and World War I. Imperialism Motives Military

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Imperialism and World War I

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  1. Imperialism and World War I Test Date Wednesday February 3rd, 2016

  2. Imperialism and World War I • Imperialism • Motives • Economic • Fueled by the Industrial Revolution • Financial Prosperity • Raw Materials • Cheap Labor • New Markets

  3. Imperialism and World War I • Imperialism • Motives • Military • Establishment of military presence throughout the world • Alfred Mahan encouraged the US to build up the navy 1. Americans will seek adventures at sea, and must be protected 2. War: keep enemies away from our coasts

  4. Imperialism and World War I • Imperialism • Motives • Political • Competition & rivalry between other “stronger” nations

  5. Imperialism and World War I • Imperialism • Motives • Humanitarian/Religious/Cultural • Belief of superiority • Race, Government, Economy, Religion were better than other societies • Social Darwinism: most fit nations will survive in competition with other nations/societies

  6. Imperialism and World War I • Islands of Hawaii • Descendents of missionaries started sugar plantations • Late 1800s wealthy planters dominated the islands • Which imperial motive?

  7. Imperialism and World War I • Islands of Hawaii • 1891: Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani wanted to limit the power of planters in Hawaii • How did the American planters respond?

  8. Imperialism and World War I • Islands of Hawaii • Led by Sanford B. Dole • Revolted & overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy • US later annexed the islands • Addition of territory to an existing state

  9. Imperialism and World War I

  10. Imperialism and World War I (Don’t Need this slide) • Spanish-American War • Spain: imperial power • Extended power in South America, Caribbean, & Pacific • Many indigenous revolted

  11. Imperialism and World War I (Don’t Need this slide) • Spanish-American War • Spain: imperial power • Revolutions permitted independence • Late 1800s Spain’s imperial empire was collapsing • Cuba, Puerto Rico, & the Philippines remained under Spanish control

  12. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • Revolts in Cuba • Cubans revolted many times • Always defeated • Thousands of Cubans killed by Spain in 1895 • Whose side of the conflict was the US on? • Why?

  13. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • Revolts in Cuba • Many Americans sympathized with Cubans • America underwent a revolution • Yellow Journalism • What is Yellow Journalism?

  14. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • Yellow Journalism • Sensational writers to attract readers • Exaggerated stories on Spanish cruelty

  15. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • Despite American sympathy, President McKinley did not want to go to war • Why do Spain and America go to war?

  16. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • USS Maine • Battleship exploded in Cuban harbor • Spain blamed & the US went to war in April 1898 • Did Spain really attack the Maine?

  17. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • No one knows the cause of the explosion • Today it is believed to be an accident

  18. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • War broke out at Manila Bay in the Philippines • Filipino Rebels & the US (under command of George Dewey) destroyed the Spanish fleet • Filipinos also wanted their independence from Spain

  19. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • The Caribbean, the Rough Riders destroyed Spanish fleets • Volunteer Cavalry

  20. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • US goes to war • August 1898 (5 months) Spain was defeated • Secretary of State John Hay call it “a splendid little war” • Treaty of Paris • Meeting between Spain and US

  21. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • Treaty of Paris • Philippines purchased by the US for $20 Million • Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba given up • None of these territories would be given their independence • Fueling the Anti-Imperialist/Expansionist debate

  22. Imperialism and World War I • Spanish-American War • Cuba gained their independence • Platt Amendment permitted the US to control Cuba • Foraker Act authorized the president to appoint leaders in Puerto Rico • Puerto Ricans were taxed, but were not guaranteed the same rights

  23. Imperialism and World War I • Filipino-American War • Allies during the War fighting against Spain • American imperialist desires vs. Filipino desires for freedom U.S.-- 4,234 dead &2,818 wounded. Philippines-- 20,000 military dead & 200,000 civilian dead. (approximate numbers). Some historians place the numbers of civilian dead at 500,000 or higher. • In Our Image: America's Empire In The Philippines. 1989, by Stanley Karnow. pp. 75-195. • 2. The Wars of America. 1981, by Robert Leckie. pp. 563-574.

  24. Imperialism and World War I • Panama Canal • Cut across Central America • Greatly reducing travel time for commercial and military ships • Purchased from the French for $40 million in 1903 • Aid in Panama gaining its independence from Colombia

  25. Imperialism and World War I • Panama Canal • Established the US as the dominate power in the Western Hemisphere • To reinforce this presence, Roosevelt delivered the Roosevelt Corollary “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” • US would use force to protect economic interests in Western Hemisphere

  26. World War One • MAIN Causes • Militarism • Development of larger military • Build up of armies & navies The Literary Digest, New York: March 10, 1904, p. 393-430.

  27. World War One • MAIN Causes • Alliances • Country’s agreement to help another country • Tangled network of alliances bound European nations • Small conflict would become a great war

  28. Imperialism and World War I • Imperialism • Extension of power by stronger nations over weaker nations • Why would any country engage in imperialism?

  29. World War One • MAIN Causes • Nationalism • Strong feelings of pride & loyalty towards one’s country or nationality • European powers pursued own interests • Balkan states belief in self-determination • What is self determination?

  30. World War One • MAIN Causes • Nationalism • Self-Determination • People united by a nationality should have their own country

  31. Blank Map of Europe

  32. 1914 Political Map of Europe

  33. 1914 Ethnolinguistic Map of Europe

  34. World War One • Immediate Cause • Assassination of Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand (1914) • Shot by Serbian (Gavrillo Princip) who supported eastern Europe nationalities becoming their own nation • Which cause would this be? • What happened after this immediate cause of the war

  35. World War One • Immediate Cause • Continent Goes to War • Serbia Russia France Britain • Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire

  36. World War One • WWI Trench Warfare • Network of ditches dug for protection • “No Man’s Land” • Area in between trenches (dangerous) • How else would WWI be different in terms of battle?

  37. World War One • WWI Trench Warfare • Use of: • Machine Guns • Poisonous Gas (Gas masks) • Airplanes • Tanks • Were not widely used

  38. World War One • WWI Trench Warfare • Warfare technology resulted in 8.5 million soldier deaths

  39. World War One • What was America’s stance on the war in Europe?

  40. World War One • American Neutrality • Refusal to take sides in the war • How/why did the US get involved in WWI?

  41. World War One • American Neutrality • Great Britain set up a naval blockade to cut off Germany • Germany responded with U-boats • Under water boats • Would sink any ship around Britain without warning

  42. World War One • American Neutrality • U-boats sunk the British passenger liner the Lusitania • Carried 128 Americans who were killed • Does this put the US in the war?

  43. World War One • American Neutrality • No • Sussex Pledge • Wilson demanded Germans abandon submarine warfare • US stayed out of the war for a littler longer

  44. World War One • American Neutrality • Zimmerman Telegraph • German officer (Aurthor Zimmerman) to German ambassador in Mexico • Proposed an alliance between Germany & Mexico • Why?

  45. World War One • American Neutrality • Zimmerman Telegraph • Mexico was in the middle of a revolution & Wilson refused to recognize the new government • Germany promised to return the 500,000 square miles lost in Mexican-American War • US declared war on Germany in April of 1917 • Was the US ready for war?

  46. World War One • US War Mobilizations • Preparation for the war • Mobilization of the • Military • Economy • Public Support

  47. World War One • US War Mobilizations • Military Mobilization • Selective Service Act • All males between 21 and 30 to register for military service • 24 million registered • 3 million were drafted • 2 million saw active combat

  48. World War One • US War Mobilizations • Economic Mobilization • War Industries Board • Cooperation between government & private business • Controlled materials • Factory production • Prices

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