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Capitalism and Domestic Politics (1890-1930)

Capitalism and Domestic Politics (1890-1930). Economic Development and Social Change Ideological and Political Conflicts Party Politics. Social Change. Population growth: 35 million (1873) to 60 million (1925) Differences between urban and rural population in income, life style and values

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Capitalism and Domestic Politics (1890-1930)

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  1. Capitalism and Domestic Politics (1890-1930) Economic Development and Social Change Ideological and Political Conflicts Party Politics

  2. Social Change • Population growth: 35 million (1873) to 60 million (1925) • Differences between urban and rural population in income, life style and values • Absentee landlords and increased tenancy (45%) • Tenant associations and disputes • Unions expanded in WWI and after and move to the left

  3. Ideological and Political conflicts • Conservatives: Confucian ethics, Shinto myth of emperor in textbooks, press and national holidays • Local Improvement Movement: rural cooperatives and savings associations, youth associations, Military Reserve Association • Liberalism: education and self-improvement. Policies to prioritize economy and human rights • Parties’ political and social reforms

  4. Socialism • Radical socialism and moderate Christian socialism • Socialist League (1920), JCP (1921) • Excess of factionalism and lack of mass participation

  5. Party Politics • Politics of protest before 1890 • Compromise after Sino-Japanese War: integration of parties into government • Conflict between Yamagata and Ito • Founding of Seiyukai (1900) • Katsura-Saionji Truce (1901-12) • Hara Kei and strengthening of Seiyukai

  6. Party Politics • Taisho Crisis and the founding of Kenseikai (1916) • Hara Kei formed a party government in 1918 but little reform towards popular democracy • Kato Takaaki (1924-26) and reforms (universal suffrage) • Weak power base: lack of popular support for corruption

  7. Party Politics • Politics of protest before 1890 • Compromise after Sino-Japanese War: integration of parties into government • Conflict between Yamagata and Ito • Founding of Seiyukai (1900) • Katsura-Saionji Truce (1901-12) • Hara Kei and strengthening of Seiyukai

  8. Study Questions • What were ideological and political agendas of the conservatives, liberals and Socialists? • How did the parliamentary politics evolve from protest of the opposition into party governments? Why did Japanese fail to develop a viable parliamentary democracy?

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