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Chapter 10 Review of Human Systems Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 10 Review of Human Systems Anatomy and Physiology. Objectives. Discuss importance of human anatomy related to paramedic practice Describe anatomical position Interpret anatomical terms List structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton Define division of the abdomen

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Chapter 10 Review of Human Systems Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Chapter 10Review of Human SystemsAnatomy and Physiology

  2. Objectives • Discuss importance of human anatomy related to paramedic practice • Describe anatomical position • Interpret anatomical terms • List structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton • Define division of the abdomen • List the three major body cavities and their contents

  3. Objectives • Discuss functions of cellular structures • Describe cellular reproduction • Differentiate between body tissue types • Label and list functions of body organs • Label and list functions of special senses

  4. Fun Games • University of Minnesota • Web Anatomy • http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/ • Anatomy Arcade • http://anatomyarcade.com/ • McGraw Hill • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072351136/student_view0/a_p_arcade.html

  5. UW School of Medicine • IME Video Library • http://videos.med.wisc.edu/

  6. Terminology • Anatomical position

  7. Terminology • Supine • On back, face up • Prone • On stomach, face down • Lateral recumbent • On side

  8. Anatomical Planes • Sagittal plane • Vertical • left and right sides • Transverse plane • horizontal • top and bottom halves • Frontal plane • coronal • front and back

  9. Body Regions • Appendicular • Extremities • Axial • Head, neck, thorax, abdomen

  10. Body Regions • Abdominal region KNOW THE ORGANS IN EACH QUADRANT

  11. Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic Cavities

  12. cell: Eukaryotes ~ nucleus

  13. Cells • Most basic unit of life • Composed of protoplasm • living contents of cell • surrounded by plasma membrane • Main parts of human cells • Cytoplasmic membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

  14. Cytoplasm and Organelles • Cytoplasm • gel-like • Organelles • Functional structures

  15. Cells • Endoplasmic reticulum • Ribosomes • Golgi apparatus • Lysosomes • Mitochondria • Centrioles • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Chromatin granules

  16. cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane • regulates movement into and out of cell • Nucleus • protein synthesis (DNA) • Nucleoli • Ribosome formation • Ribosomes • synthesize protein • Endoplasmic Reticulum • rough: protein • smooth: lipid and carb synthesis

  17. Mitochondria • powerhouse • Lysosomes • Digestive system • Golgi apparatus (complex) • synthesize carbs, bind with protein • packages product as globules of glycoprotein • Centrioles • cell reproduction • Cilia • movement (hair-like) • flagella • movement (tail-like)

  18. Cell Functions • Movement • Conductivity • Metabolic absorption • Secretion • Excretion • Respiration • Reproduction

  19. Cell Reproduction • Human cells (except sex cells) reproduce by mitosis • Division throughout life • Epithelial cells • Liver cells • Bone marrow cells • Some divide until near time of birth • Nerve cells • Skeletal muscle cells • Apoptosis: Cell death

  20. Tissues • Epithelial • Classified by shape and arrangement of cells • continuous sheet of cells • Connective • Seven subgroups • cells with matrix • Muscle • Skeletal, cardiac, smooth • Nerve • Neurons, neuroglia

  21. How is your tissue like a house?

  22. Organ Systems • Organ • two or more tissues • organized to perform a more complex function than one tissue alone can accomplish • System • Group of organs • perform a more complex function than any one organ alone can accomplish • 11 major organ systems in the human body

  23. Body Systems

  24. Integumentary System • Largest organ system • Functions • Protection against injury • Prevention of dehydration • Defense against infection • Aid in temperature regulation

  25. Integumentary System • Epidermis • Dermis • Hair • Nails • Glands

  26. Integumentary System • Superficial Thorax and Abdomen • (8.00 minutes) • http://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/1250 • 2.26 Dermal Layers • SC tissue • Nerves • Anatomic Landmarks • 6.20 Lymph Nodes

  27. Skeletal System • Bones • short bones • longs bones • flat bones

  28. skeletal system • Connective tissues • Cartilage • Tendons • Ligaments

  29. Axial Skeleton • Skull • 28 bones • Hyoid bone

  30. Axial Skeleton • Vertebral column • 26 bones • 5 regions • 7 cervical vertebrae • 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • 1 sacral bone • 5 fused vertebrae • 1 coccygeal bone • 5 fused vertebrae

  31. Axial Skeleton—Vertebral Column

  32. Thoracic Cage • Protects organs • Prevents collapse of thorax • 12 rib pairs • Sternum • 3 components

  33. Abdominal wall, Back Muscles, & Spinal Cord ~ 24.40 • http://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/1251 • Pectoralis muscle • Ribs, Intercostals Spaces • 10.30: Back and Vertebral columns

  34. Appendicular Skeleton • Bones of the upper and lower extremities and their girdles • Pectoral girdle • Scapula and clavicle • Attaches upper limbs to the axial skeleton

  35. Upper Extremity • Humerus • Radius/ulna • Wrist • Hand

  36. Pelvic Girdle • Attaches legs to trunk • Coxae • Acetabulum

  37. Femur • Longest bone • Articulates with acetabulum • Articulates with patella

  38. Tibia • Larger than fibula • Supports most of leg's weight • Distal end forms lateral malleolus • Medial side of ankle joint

  39. Fibula • Does not articulate with femur • Articulates with tibia • Distal end forms lateral malleolus • Lateral aspect of ankle joint

  40. Foot • Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges • Talus articulates with tibia and fibula • Calcaneus

  41. Biomechanics of Body Movement • All bones (except hyoid) connect to at least one other bone • Three major classifications of joints: • Fibrous joints • Cartilaginous joints • Synovial joints

  42. Fibrous Joints • Two bones joined by fibrous tissue • Little or no movement • Sutures

  43. Fibrous Joints • Syndesmoses • slightly moveable • bones united by interosseous membrane • Gomphoses • binds teeth to bone sockets • only joint where bone does not join another bone

  44. Cartilaginous Joints • Synchondroses • Bones joined with hyaline cartilage • epiphyseal growth plate in children • costal cartilage • Symphysis • Bones joined with fibrocartilage • fusion

  45. Synovial Joints • Contain synovial fluid • Plane or gliding joints • Saddle joints • Hinge joints • Pivot joints • Ball-and-socket joints • Ellipsoid joints

  46. Synovial Joints

  47. Types of Movement • Flexion • Extension

  48. Types of Movement • Abduction • Adduction

  49. Types of Movement • Medial • Lateral

  50. Types of Movement • Circumduction

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