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NHTSA AACN Activities

NHTSA AACN Activities. Stephen Ridella Human Injury Research Division Office of Vehicle Safety Research. Outline. 1. Overview. 2. NHTSA and NHTSA/CDC AACN Work. 3. EDR Rule and Analysis. 4. Injury Prediction Algorithms. 5. AACN Scorecard/Next Steps. Overview. Overview. ?.

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NHTSA AACN Activities

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  1. NHTSA AACN Activities Stephen Ridella Human Injury Research Division Office of Vehicle Safety Research

  2. Outline 1. Overview 2. NHTSA and NHTSA/CDC AACN Work 3. EDR Rule and Analysis 4. Injury Prediction Algorithms 5. AACN Scorecard/Next Steps

  3. Overview

  4. Overview ?

  5. If you are severely injured, care at a Level I trauma center lowers the risk of death by 25%. McKenzie, et. al. NEJM, 2006

  6. Getting from Crash to Trauma Center • Finding the car • Notifying 9-1-1 • Appropriate EMS response • Getting the right people there • Triage • Getting the right patient to the right hospital • Care and transport • Designated trauma centers • Consistent communication essential

  7. Getting from Crash to Trauma Center Early Notification EMS and Trauma System Designated trauma centers

  8. NHTSA Historical AACN Work

  9. NHTSA Historical AACN Work • ACN Field Operational Test (1995-2000) • Purpose • Establish EMS response times relative to time of crash • Determine if ACN information can reduce those times • System Description • Outfitted 700 vehicles with ACN system • GPS, crash sensor and embedded cell phone • Basic injury algorithm based on delta-V and PDOF • Ran vehicles in Erie County, PA for nearly 3 years • Results • 15 ACN crashes during study • PSAP notified within 1 minute of crash • Some system failures and false positives due to system issues

  10. NHTSA/CDC AACN Work

  11. NHTSA/CDC AACN Work Field Triage Decision Scheme “Vehicle telematics consistent with high risk of injury”

  12. NHTSA/CDC AACN Work

  13. Advanced Automatic Crash Notification • Critical information helpful to dispatch, respond and triage an injured occupant to final destination • Velocity change of vehicle • Principle Direction of Force • Seat belt usage • Crash with multiple impacts • Vehicle type • Voice (GCS proxy) • Information can be collected in vehicle EDR for transmission

  14. Event Data Recorders (EDRs) • NHTSA published a final rule on August 28, 2006 regulating Event Data Recorders (EDR) • Did not mandate EDRs • Established uniform set of criteria for EDRs voluntarily installed in vehicles • Applied to vehicles with GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less manufactured after September 1, 2010 • Required standardized statement in owners manual to notify consumers that vehicle is equipped with EDR and outlining its functions • NHTSA published its response to petitions for reconsideration in a final rule on January 14, 2008 • Effective date of rule is Sept. 1, 2012

  15. NHTSA EDR Rule

  16. NHTSA EDR Rule

  17. NHTSA EDR Analysis • NHTSA has over 3000 Cases (NASS-CDS) of crashes with EDR data (mostly GM vehicles) • Analysis to date • Compared EDR data to standardized crashes of similar vehicles • Compared EDR delta-V to delta-V from reconstructions • New contract to investigate recent (2008-2009) crashes relative to injury prediction with various vehicle crash data attributes besides delta-V

  18. Triage Application: DV to Predict ISS

  19. Injury Prediction Algorithms • Urgency Algorithm (NHTSA funded) • Champion et al. studied criteria for recognizing time critical injuries at the crash scene • Malliaris et al. (1997) developed relationships between crash attributes and injuries based on Champion data • Augenstein (2001, 2005) made subsequent improvements to algorithm • Urgency predicts probability of AIS 3+ or fatalities using vehicle crash and occupant data (delta-V, peak crush, occupant gender, occupant age, entrapment, vehicle weight, etc.) • It is worthwhile to note that Urgency is based on retrospective analysis of crash data

  20. AACN Scorecard • ACN and AACN systems have been installed in vehicles since 1996. Other companies have expressed interest. • GM and BMW have announced that the have injury prediction algorithms to alert PSAP of probability of a serious injury. To date, the systems are:

  21. AACN Scorecard : BMW example

  22. AACN : Next Steps • AACN data can be used to predict injury severity, conveyed to EMS services and trauma centers, and integrated into the field triage process. • CDC and NHTSA • Working together to create awareness • Meeting with industry to solicit cooperation • Determining course of action relative to Expert Panel Recommendations • Determining benefits

  23. AACN • Shows promise in improving outcomes in severely injured crash patients by: • Predicting the likelihood of serious injury • Decreasing response time • Assisting with field triage decisions • Decreasing time to trauma center • Decreasing death and disability

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