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CLOUDY CSF

CLOUDY CSF. Specimen No : AG192706Z Selected Auth Level : S --------------------T-------------------T-------------------T------------------- CSFG 0.6 S000F | | | | | |

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CLOUDY CSF

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  1. CLOUDY CSF

  2. Specimen No : AG192706Z Selected Auth Level : S --------------------T-------------------T-------------------T------------------- CSFG 0.6 S000F| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------------T-------------------T-------------------T------------------- LTG comments : CSFG 1 Auth'd 2 Unauth'd 3 Nomin'd 4 Change 5 Reject 6 Options 7 eXit> U

  3. Specimen No : AG192705G Selected Auth Level : S --------------------T-------------------T-------------------T------------------- CSFP 2.58 S000F| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------------T-------------------T-------------------T------------------- 1 Auth'd 2 Unauth'd 3 Nomin'd 4 Change 5 Reject 6 Options 7 eXit> U

  4. Specimen No : AG192433T (Haematology) <PgUp/PgDn> for more samples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26/11/2010 u/k Serum/Plasma Request Reason : resp distress, presumed sepsis Sodium 137 mmol/L ( 136 to 145 ) Auth Potassium 4.5 mmol/L ( 3.5 to 5.1 ) Auth Urea 4.3 mmol/L ( 1.8 to 6.0 ) Auth Creatinine 71 umol/L ( 21 to 75 ) Auth Total Protein 55 g/L ( 44 to 76 ) Auth Albumin 31 g/L ( 20 to 36 ) Auth Globulin 24 g/L ( 20 to 35 ) Auth Total Bilirubin 79 umol/L ( 0 to 29 ) Auth Conjugated Bilirubin 7 umol/L Auth Comments : Conjugated bilirubin can be up to 40 umol/L in normal babies who are jaundiced: however, the conjugated fraction should be < 15% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Spec 2 Patient 3 Date 4 pRint 5 cUm 6 DFT 7 Verbose 8 Options 9 eXit X Cursor Down for more

  5. Specimen No : MG024522F (Microbiology) <PgUp/PgDn> for more samples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ u/k u/k Cerebrospinal Fluid ** NOT FULLY AUTHORISED ** Request Reason : 12 hrs of age- grunting, high crp, twitching on lt hand Samples received ^2 Q000 Volume ^3.00 ml Q000 RBC's (last sample) 129 /mm3 Q000 WBC's 736 /mm3 ( 0 to 4 ) Q000 Appearance Released for ward e-enquiry Straw coloured Turbid Diff cell count Released for ward e-enquiry Neutrophils 90 % Lymphocytes 10 % Gram stain Released for ward e-enquiry Gram-negative rods seen. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Spec 2 Patient 3 Date 4 pRint 5 cUm 6 DFT 7 Verbose 8 Options 9 eXit X Cursor Down for more

  6. MENINGITIS

  7. Meningitis • Most causes are due to bacterial or viral infections. The infection may be primary or secondary Primary infections start in the meninges

  8. Secondary meningitis is an infection spreading from another part of the body.

  9. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis with 3,0000 cases reported every year. Unlike bacterial meningitis viral meningitis is self limiting and mild to moderate in severity Viral meningitis often caused by an enterovirus or herpes virus but can be caused by arboviruses

  10. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. Causes can arise suddenly, with symptoms worsening within hours. Rapid identification and treatment is crucial. Untreated bacterial meningitis is usually fatal.

  11. Meningitis can be caused by many species of bacteria but the four most common are Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal meningitis) Usually affects infants under 2 years and those with a compromised immune system. A vaccination program exists

  12. Meningococcal meningitis Neisseria meningitids. Seen in college students, infants, children and foreign travellers. It is the leading cause of meningitis and is highly contagious. Meningitis c vaccine has prevented many cases

  13. Haemophilus influenza type b Once the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. Has decreased since the introduction of the meningitis vaccine for children

  14. Group B streptococcus, Escheriaichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common causes of meningitis in the neonate (babies less than six weeks old) and may be passed from mother to baby

  15. Specimen No : MG024522F (Microbiology) <PgUp/PgDn> for more samples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gram-negative rods seen. Bacterial Culture Released for ward e-enquiry +++ Escherichia coli. Intermediate : ^Cephalothin. Resistant : ^Amoxicillin,^Cotrimoxazole. Sensitive : ^Amikacin,^Co-Amoxiclav,^Aztreonam,^Cefalexin,^Cefepime, ^Cefotaxime,^Ceftazidime,^Ceftriaxone,^Cefuroxime, ^Ciprofloxacin,^Ertapenem,^Gentamicin,^Imipenem, ^Piperacillin/Tazobactam,^Tetracycline,^Timentin, ^Tobramycin,^Levofloxacin. Not Recommended : ^Nitrofurantoin,^Trimethoprim. Further report to follow.

  16. MOST CASES OF E. COLI MENINGITIS OCCUR IN NEWBORN BABIES OR BABIES UNDER 3 MONTHS OF AGE. IN THE UK AND IRELAND ADULTS AND OLDER CHILDREN ALMOST NEVER GET E COLI MENINGITIS UNLESS THEY HAVE HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT SUPPRESS THEIR IMMUNE SYSTEM, OR HAVE HAD HEAD INJURIES OR SURGERY TO THE HEAD SO THAT BACTERIA CAN ENTER VIA THE HEAD WOUND. INFECTION IN BABIES MAY OCCUR DURING DELIVERY, OR FROM BACTERIA ACQUIRED IN HOSPITAL, OR IN THE HOME. PREMATURE AND LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT BABIES ARE AT HIGHER RISK OF CONTRACTING MENINGITIS. INFECTION BY E. COLI AND SIMILAR BACTERIA TEND TO CAUSE SEPTICAEMIA (BLOOD-POISONING) WHEN IT HAPPENS AT BIRTH OR IN THE FIRST TWO DAYS AFTER BIRTH. WHEN IT OCCURS IN BABIES MORE THAN 48 HOURS OLD IT IS MORE LIKELY TO CAUSE MENINGITIS

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