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Prehistoric Andean States

Prehistoric Andean States. The Moche. Chavín Wall. The Moche. Physical Environment North Valley- 30,000 hectares of irrigable land South Valley- 15,000 hectares of irrigable land Semitropical environment Fauna: parrots, toucans, pumas, iguanas, & boas.

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Prehistoric Andean States

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  1. Prehistoric Andean States The Moche Chavín Wall

  2. The Moche • Physical Environment • North Valley- 30,000 hectares of irrigable land • South Valley- 15,000 hectares of irrigable land • Semitropical environment • Fauna: parrots, toucans, pumas, iguanas, & boas. • Represented in the iconography of pottery vessels

  3. The Moche • Mode of production • Agriculture- Andean crops began by 1800B.C. • Coast crops: maize, roots, and tubers, legumes, fruits, cucurbits and chili peppers and cotton. (Plus seafood) • Settlement Pattern • Cerro Blanco- primary center’s site (Moche capital • Huaca del Sol • Huaca de la Luna • personalized columns or walls per each community who built it • Functions of the Huacas

  4. The Moche • Mode of Reproduction • 5,000-20,000 people earliest periods • Estimated population= 650,000 people • Domestic Economy & Social Organization • Wattle-and-daub quinchastructures • Two main rooms • Evidence of an artisans class • Specialized craft production found among states. • Figure 9.17 b

  5. The Moche Political Economy • Military segmentation for resistance • Moche military expansion & conquest • HuacaTembladera • Centralized power • Similar personalized marks as in Huasca del Sol • Ruled by Mocheadministratos and elite • Moche state imposed style of pottery making, pyramid construction and administrative policies • Iconography depicts collection of tribute and P.O.W.s • Warfare, conquest and coercive control

  6. The Moche • Ritual, Leadership, and State Ideology • Created a powerful ideology, which permeated • P.O.W. were sacrificed and their blood was handed to priests as offerings. • Religion as means of social control

  7. Lord of Sipán • Tomb I- largest burial offering of prehispanic vessels ever found • Copper bells and backflaps- Decapitator deity • Burial included: • Hundreds of pottery vessels • 2 sacrificed llamas • A small child • 5 coffins, one warrior missing a his feet • Women, all secondary burials from elsewhere not sacrificed there

  8. A Model of Moche State Policy • Superstructure • Ideology • Ritual/leadership • Structure • Social organization • Political economy • Infrastructure • Mode of production • Settlement pattern

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