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Climate: Factors and Examples

Explore the factors that affect climate, including latitude, elevation, proximity to large bodies of water, and ocean currents. Learn how each factor influences average yearly temperature and temperature ranges. Examples and illustrations provided.

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Climate: Factors and Examples

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  1. CLIMATE Write on Front Cover Page Definition of Climate - • The weather for a particular area over a long period of time • Consists of: • Average yearly temperature • Annual temperature range • Average moisture conditions or precipitation vs. evapotranspiration

  2. Page 1 Identify five factors that affect climate and explain how each affects climate.

  3. Page 1 1)Latitude

  4. Page 1 LATITUDE As Latitude increases average yearly temperature _____________. DECREASES Because temperature varies due to the angle, intensity, and duration of insolation

  5. How does latitude affect climate? As latitude ________, the average annual temperature _________. increases decreases Temperature 0° Latitude 90°

  6. Page 1 LATITUDE Yearly Temperature Ranges: Yearly Temperature Range: is the difference between the highest monthly average temperature and the lowest monthly average temperature 1. • High temperatures • Small temp range • Low latitude • Equatorial region

  7. Page 1 LATITUDE Yearly Temperature Ranges: 2. • Medium temperatures • Medium temp range • MID latitudes • 25°-60° Latitudes • USA

  8. Page 1 LATITUDE Yearly Temperature Ranges: 3. • Low temperatures • Large temp range • High latitudes • 60°+ Latitudes • Polar Region

  9. Page 1 LATITUDE Yearly Temperature Ranges: 4. • Southern Hemisphere

  10. Page 1 LATITUDE As Latitude increases yearly temperature ranges _____________. INCREASES TEMP RANGE 0 90

  11. How does latitude affect climate? As latitude ________, the average yearly temperature range _________. increases increases Temp Range 0° Latitude 90°

  12. CLIMATE How about an example

  13. Page 1 Average Yearly Temperature VS. Yearly Temperature Range

  14. Page 1 Average Yearly Temperature VS. Yearly Temperature Range Latitude for Peking 40° N & Valdivia 39.5°S- almost the same GOOGLE MAPS

  15. Page 1 2)Elevation

  16. Page 1 2. ELEVATION : As air rises, it expands and cools. _____ average yearly temp. (Mountain top) Look at the snow! low high ______ average yearly temp. (sea level) go to the beach! As altitude increases, average yearly temperature _________. decreases C. This is an indirect relationship .

  17. Page 1 How does elevation affect climate? As elevation _________, the average annual temperature __________. increases decreases Temperature Elevation

  18. CLIMATE How about an example

  19. Page 1 • Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania • Latitude 3° South (Very close to Equator) • Temperature at base 85°F (sea level) • Temperature at Summit 0°F (19,330 ft.) As elevation increases, average yearly temperature decreases.

  20. Page 1 Example As elevation increases, average yearly temperature decreases.

  21. 1 2 1 4 3 Answers to Questions on Page 2

  22. 1 4 1 Answers to Questions on Pages 3 & 4 • 2 • 3 • 1 • 4 • 2 • 2 • 3

  23. Page 5 3) Closeness to Large Bodies of Water

  24. Page 5 How does closeness to a large body of water affect climate? Water __________ the temperature. _______ summers. _______ winters. moderates Cooler Warmer Cities A & B are located at the same latitude. City B is closer to a large body of water. Its temperature line is flatter (moderated).

  25. Page 5 Coastal vs. Continental smaller • Coastal areas have marine climates with ________ • yearly temperature ranges. • Continental climates (land areas) have continental climates • with _________ yearly temperature ranges. • Sea or land locations affect temperature ranges. • Since land gains and loses heat much more quickly • than water, land areas tend to have ___________ • summers and __________ winters. Coastal areas • near the ocean have cooler summers and warmer winters. larger warmer cooler X = coastal climate Small yearly temp. range Y = continental climate Large yearly temp. range

  26. Page 5 CLIMATE How about an example

  27. Page 5 These 2 cities are located at the same latitude, but do they have the same climate? Look at the climographs- describe their ave. annual temp, annual temp range, & precipitation

  28. Page 5 These 2 cities are located at the same latitude, but why don’t they have the same climate? Iceland YakutsK

  29. Page 5 Coastal vs. Continental Climates Coastal: cooler summers, warmer winters Continental: warmer summers, cooler winters Water moderates the Climate

  30. 4)Ocean Currents Page 5

  31. Page 5 Surface ocean currents ESRT p.4

  32. Page 5 How do ocean currents affect climate? Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate

  33. Page 5 Use Page 4 of Your Bestie (ESRT)

  34. Page 5 • Warmer or Colder? • Due to ocean currents, the: warmer • East coast of North America is _______________ than normal colder • West coast of North America is ______________ than normal warmer • East coast of South America is ______________ than normal colder • West coast of South America is ______________ than normal colder • West coast of Africa and Europe is ____________ than normal warmer • Northwestern Europe is ____________________ than normal

  35. Answers to Questions on Pages 6 & 7 • 4 • 4 • 4 • 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 • 3 • 4 • 3 • 2 • 4 • 1 • 3 • 3 • 1

  36. Page 8 RAINFALL FACTORS • Latitude & • Mountain Barriers

  37. Page 8 5) Orographic Effect Mountain Barriers

  38. Page 8 Windward Leeward 4. Air condenses Prevailing circulation COOL & HUMID WARM & DRY 5. Precipitation 6. Air sinks 3. Air cools 7. Air compresses 2. Air expands 8. Warms 1. Air rises MOUNTAINS OCEAN

  39. How does the Orographic Effect affect climate? Windward Side: ___________ Leeward Side: _____________ cool, moist warm, dry

  40. Page 8 Orographic or Rainshadow Effect

  41. Page 8 CLIMATE How about an example

  42. Page 8 Seattle vs Spokane The leeward sides of the CASCADE MTS. receive much less precipitation The windward sides of the MOUNTAINS receive a great deal more precipitation

  43. Page 8 Seattle vs Spokane The leeward sides of the CASCADE MTS. receive much less precipitation The windward sides of the MOUNTAINS receive a great deal more precipitation

  44. Page 8 Seattle vs Spokane The leeward sides of the CASCADE MTS. receive much less precipitation WHERE ARE THE MOUNTAINS??

  45. 6) Planetary Wind Belts Page 8 Latitudes: 0° & 60° North & South Convergent winds & Low pressure Latitudes: 30° North & South & 90° North & South divergent winds & High pressure

  46. Page 8 UsePage 14 of Your Bestie (ESRT)

  47. Answers to Questions on Pages 9, 10, & 11 • 2 • 4 • 1 • 3 • 3 • 2 • 3 • 3 • 2 • 3 • 1 • 2 • 2 • 1

  48. Back of Notepacket • Are graphs that show the climate of a particular area • Climographs include average monthly temperatures (yearly temperatures) • Climographs demonstrate temperature range • Climographs show monthly precipitation totals Climographs

  49. Back of Notepacket Climographs

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