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Explore the cultural conflicts and societal changes of the Roaring Twenties, including race relations, women's roles, nativism, and the impact of mass culture. Learn about the Great Migration, Harlem Renaissance, Prohibition, Scopes Trial, immigration restrictions, and the rise of the New KKK.
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The Roaring Twenties AP US History
Decade of Cultural Conflicts Context: • Continuing widespread immigration, increasing industrialization, development of new technology, and mass urbanization (1920 was the first year more people lived in cities) • Progressive reform began in the late 1800s and continued until World War I; unclear if it would continue after the war (it didn’t) • Imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s evolved into US activity in World War I; US rejected global involvement with the failure to ratify Treaty of Versailles Liberal: open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values Conservative: holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion Both parties had liberals and conservatives until relatively recently.
1920s Cultural Conflicts Race Relations: • Great Migration: causes and results • City Segregation (redlining by 1930s) • Red Summer (SUS Video) • Harlem Renaissance • Jazz • Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong • Langston Hughes • New KKK
Practice Qs • Define a change in the status of African Americans 1877-1930. • Define a continuity in the status of African Americans 1877-1930. • Define a C/COT for African Americans from another era in US History.
1920s Cultural Conflicts New Women’s Roles: • Flappers • Political Power • Limits • “Pink Collar” Jobs
Practice Qs • Define a change in the status of women 1870-1930. • Define a continuity in the status of women 1870-1930. • Define a C/COT for women from another era in American history.
1920s Cultural Conflicts Nativism: • New KKK • Red Scare • Labor Conflict (1919 – Era of Great Strikes) • A. Mitchel Palmer • Immigration Restrictions • 1921 – 3% of existing immigrant group based on 1910 Census • 1924 – 2 % of existing immigrant group based on 1890 Census • Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
Practice Qs • Define one change in the response to immigration during the period from 1880-1930. • Define one continuity in the response to immigration during the period from 1880-1930. • Define a C/COT for immigration from another era in US History.
1920s Cultural Conflicts Society: • Scopes Monkey Trial • Clarence Darrow (Scopes) v. William Jennings Bryan (School) • Prohibition • Speakeasies • Organized Crime • Repeal (1933)
1920s Mass Culture “Pop” Culture: • Music • Radio • Movies • Celebrity • Sports • “Lost Generation” • Writers critical of era
1920s Mass Consumption “Stuff” Economy: • Cars (SUS) – Ford & Taylor’s Assembly Line • Related Industries • Advertising • Appliances • Credit
The Republican Ascendancy of the 1920s Warren G. Harding – “Return to Normalcy” Calvin Coolidge - “the chief business of the American people is business.” Herbert Hoover - "We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land. The poor-house is vanishing from among us. We have not yet reached the goal, but given a change to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, and we shall soon with he help of God be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation.”
Review Terms 1920s Cultural Conflicts: race relations (Great Migration, Red Summer, Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes, Jazz Music, Duke Ellington, New KKK), Prohibition (Wets v. Drys, organized crime, bootlegging, outcomes), Scopes Trial (Scopes, Clarence Darrow, Williams Jennings Bryan, outcome), women’s roles (flappers, social changes, reactions), immigration (Emergency Quota Act of 1921, Immigration Act of 1924, First Red Scare, Sacco and Vanzetti), Lost Generation writers 1920s Economics: return to laissez faire, big business (Ford, management techniques), labor conflict (1919 strikes), consumerism (technology, appliances, entertainment)
Harlem Renaissance – Langston Hughes I, too, sing America.I am the darker brother.They send me to eat in the kitchenWhen company comes,But I laugh,And eat well,And grow strong.Tomorrow,I'll be at the tableWhen company comes.Nobody'll dareSay to me,"Eat in the kitchen,"Then.Besides, They'll see how beautiful I amAnd be ashamed--I, too, am America.
