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The Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War. Western Civilization October 16, 2012 Learning Target: Students will understand how the war resulted in the decline of Athenian dominance and opened the door for the Macedonians. Tuesday, October 8, 2013. Agenda:

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The Peloponnesian War

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  1. The Peloponnesian War Western Civilization October 16, 2012 Learning Target: Students will understand how the war resulted in the decline of Athenian dominance and opened the door for the Macedonians

  2. Tuesday, October 8, 2013 • Agenda: • Things Mr. Taylor finds funny and hopes you will too! • P.W. Highlights • Who is Alexander?

  3. Nicias • Athenian politician • Unsupportive of the war • Believed the true enemies were outside Greek sphere of influence (i.e., Persians, Egyptians, etc.) • Established treaty between Athens and Sparta • Peace of Nicias (March, 421 BCE)

  4. The Sicilian Campaign • Official aim: Support Allies in Italy • Unofficial aim: Conquer the island of Sicily • Began as a small expedition to aid allies in the West • Nicias mistakenly mentioned sending a larger force (in an attempt to persuade the Assembly against the expedition) • Expedition became a large invasion force

  5. The Sicilian Campaign • As the Syracusans built their counter-wall, they ran into a shortage of timber • Ready to surrender • Unexpectedly receive reinforcements from Corinth and Sparta • Nicias and Athenians retreat to Plemmyrium • Under siege by the Syracusans, Spartans, and Corinthians

  6. The Sicilian Campaign • Nicias sends for reinforcements – they come • Syracuse Navy blockades the Great Harbor • Naval battles result in loss of Athenian navy and Plemmyrium • Nicias and Athenians flee south, but do not escape • Athenians sold as slaves and forced to work in a quarry • Died of malnutrition and exposure

  7. The Decelean War • 413 BCE – Spartans declare war again and occupy city of Decelea • Built a navy with Persian money • Invoked revolutions throughout Athenian possessions in Ionia • Navies on both sides siege and control Aegean islands to fund war and expand control • In 410 BCE, after the Spartans defeat near Cyzicus, a peace offer was made • Athens refused

  8. The Decelean War • Turning Point: • Naval battle near Notion • Gave Spartans renewed confidence • Victory led to unconditional support from Persian Satraps • Arginusae – last Athenian victory • Aigospotamoi – Final Athenian defeat • Entire navy destroyed • April, 404 BCE – Delian League disbanded, Athenians join Peloponnesian League, and the navy disbanded

  9. Impact of the Peloponnesian War • Destruction of Athenian Empire • Loss of political, economic, and cultural dominance • Persia gained control of Greece after Sparta defeated by Thebes @ Leuctra (371 BCE) • Ultimate Impact: All Greek city-states weakened • Why is this a problem? • Opens door for Philip II of Macedonia

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