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University of Florence

University of Florence. D epartment of E lectronics and T elecommunications. C OURSE OF I NFORMATICS AND T ELECOMMUNICATIONS E NGINEERING. Philosophiae Doctor Thesis of Francesco Chiti on. Cross Layer Protocols Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems. Tutors:

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University of Florence

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  1. University of Florence Department of Electronics and Telecommunications COURSE OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING Philosophiae Doctor Thesis of Francesco Chiti on Cross Layer Protocols Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems Tutors: Prof. Enrico Del Re Prof. Romano Fantacci Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  2. Introduction Soft Combining techniques Adaptive Link Control algorithms Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation techniques Routing protocols for Ad Hoc networks Conclusions Outline Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  3. i. Introduction Ubiquity “INTERNET”a pervasive, global, nervous system Incoming communications systems • Fast • Broadband access • Efficient transport • Intelligence in the edge • Wireless (mobility) • QoS support • Cyberspace Physical space • Alive environment Embeddedness Nomadicity • Universal roaming: Cellular & WiFi nws Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  4. i. Introduction Data Link Data Link Network Physical Transport Physical Incoming communications systems Transport Network (TCP/IP) Access Network (cellular/satellite) Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  5. i. Introduction Data Link Network Physical Transport Incoming communications systems Ad Hoc Network Cross Layer protocols design Optimization of adjacent layers aware protocols Cross layer adaptability Across layers information passing and functionalities adaptation to channel and load variations Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  6. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms ACK driven protocol fundamentals • N Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCSs) with each: • Modulation order Miand code rate Rci • throughput i • For each MCS a bistable discrete Markov chain model can be derived based on the ACK/NACK reception (reliable services) • State 0: ACK reception • State 1: NACK reception Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  7. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms LLC MAC ACK driven protocol fundamentals • Transition depends on ACKs reception • Transition depends on NACKs reception Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  8. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms FER of the ith MCS ACK driven protocol fundamentals Optimal AD algorithm maximizing Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  9. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Theoretical analysis N MCSs: steady state equations probability of being in i phase with j queued packets probability of having k packets arrivals Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  10. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Theoretical analysis 2 MCSs: steady state equations Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  11. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems TU50 channel • State 1: 4QAM Rc= 1/2 • State 2: 16QAM Rc= 1/2 • State 3: 16QAM Rc= 2/3 • State 4: 64QAM Rc= 1/2 • State 5: 64QAM Rc= 2/3 Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  12. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms h TU50 channel @ 17 dB r r r r [bit/slot] 00 01 11 10 = 0.9817 0.0183 0.1050 0.8950 27 R 1 2 State 1: 4 - QAM c 0.9026 0.0974 0.2044 0.7956 54 = R 1 2 State 2: 16 - QAM c = 0.8049 0.1951 0.3142 0.6858 72 R 2 3 State 3: 16 - QAM c = 0.7355 0.2645 0.4219 0.5781 81 R 1 2 State 4: 64 - QAM c 0.5492 0.4508 0.6816 0.3184 108 = R 2 3 State 5: 64 - QAM c h TU50 channel @ 22 dB r r r r [bit/slot] 00 01 11 10 = 0.9967 0.0033 0.0571 0.9429 27 R 1 2 State 1: 4 - QAM c 0.9807 0.0193 0.0913 0.9087 54 = R 1 2 State 2: 16 - QAM c = 0.9371 0.0629 0.1252 0.8748 72 R 2 3 State 3: 16 - QAM c = 0.9099 0.0901 0.1874 0.8126 81 R 1 2 State 4: 64 - QAM c 0.7935 0.2065 0.3345 0.6655 108 = R 2 3 State 5: 64 - QAM c Application to TEDS systems TU50 channel (17 dB, 22 dB) Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  13. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems HT200 channel • State 1: 4QAM Rc= 1/2 • State 2: 16QAM Rc= 1/2 • State 3: 16QAM Rc= 2/3 • State 4: 64QAM Rc= 1/2 Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  14. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms h HT200 channel @ 11 dB r r r r [bit/slot] 00 01 11 10 = 0.98 59 0.0141 0.0142 0.9858 27 R 1 2 State 1: 4 - QAM c = 0.5787 0.4213 0.4462 0.5538 54 R 1 2 State 2: 16 - QAM c = 0.0745 0.9255 0.9145 0.0855 72 R 2 3 State 3: 16 - QAM c = 0.0069 0.9931 0.9855 0.0145 81 R 1 2 State 4: 64 - QAM c h HT200 channel @ 16 dB r r r r [bit/slot] 00 01 11 10 = 1 0 0 1 27 R 1 2 State 1: 4 - QAM c = 0.9811 0.0189 0.0107 0.9893 54 R 1 2 State 2: 16 - QAM c = 0.6828 0.3172 0.3222 0.6778 72 R 2 3 State 3: 16 - QAM c = 0.4501 0.5499 0.5736 0.4264 81 R 1 2 State 4: 64 - QAM c Application to TEDS systems HT200 channel (11 dB, 16 dB) Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  15. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms R R R R R Application to TEDS systems Mobility management • Uniform Cell quantization • Several suitable mobility model • Performance evaluation for each circular region Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  16. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms R 1 2 1 30° 15° R Application to TEDS systems Mobility management • Rectilinear mobility models • Outdoor walk mobility model • Random waypoint model Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  17. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems Global AD algorithm O-ALC maximizing for each scenario s=1,…,S G-ALC maximizing for all the S scenarios lower computational complexity Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  18. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems Simulation results • Operative assumptions • Traffic model: WWW application, consisting of a sequence of file downloads [3GPP 25.933] • k = 1858 • m = 66,666 / 5,000,000 •  = 1,1 • Variable file request rate depending on considered loading factor Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  19. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems Simulation results • Operative assumptions • Slow feedback channel due to the semi-duplex operation: (N)ACK knowledge delay equal to 4 slot duration time (4  13.3 ms) • Dedicated allocation scheme: only 1 carrier is allocated to each user Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  20. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems HT200 @ 11 dB: Noticeable gain even in hard propagative conditions Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  21. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms HT200 @ 11 dB: Application to TEDS systems Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  22. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms TU50 @ 22 dB: +170% Application to TEDS systems Network capacity increasing Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  23. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms TU50 @ 22 dB: +170% Application to TEDS systems Network capacity increasing Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  24. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms +200% HT200 11dB HT200 16dB TU50 17dB TU50 22dB Application to TEDS systems HT200 & TU50 : Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  25. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms 2 1 30° 15° R Application to TEDS systems TU50 & mobility : +168% +175% • Rectilinear mobility models Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  26. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms R 1 Application to TEDS systems TU50 & mobility : +228% +230% • Outdoor walk mobility model Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  27. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms R R R R R Application to TEDS systems TU50 & mobility : +205% +208% • Random waypoint model Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  28. 2. Adaptive Link Control algorithms Application to TEDS systems HT200 & mobility : G-ALC closely approaches O-ALC with lower complexity Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  29. ALC algorithm based on the ACK/NACK messages provided by the MAC layer (cross-layer design) Thresholds selection by means of optimizing the link effective throughput Generalization to the case of several mobility models within a cell Application to the case of TEDS system Conclusions Publications • L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “An Efficient Rate Allocation Technique based on Channel Status Observation for Wireless Communication Systems”, in Proc. of IEEE WCNC 2004. • L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “A Dynamic Rate Allocation Technique for Wireless Communication Systems ”, in Proc. of IEEE ICC 2004. • L. Caponi, F. Chiti, R. Fantacci: “Performance Evaluation of a Channel Aware Link Adaptation Technique for High Speed Wireless Communication Systems”, submitted to Trans. On Vehicular Technology. • F. Chiti, R. Fantacci, D. Tarchi, ETSI TEDS Channel Coding STF 179, “WG403036 Adaptive Link Control” Tech. Rep., 04 2004. Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

  30. University of Florence Department of Electronics and Telecommunications COURSE OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING Philosophiae Doctor Thesis of Francesco Chiti on Cross Layer Protocols Design for Next Generation Wireless Systems Tutors: Prof. Enrico Del Re Prof. Romano Fantacci Laboratorio di Elaborazione Numerica dei Segnali e Telematica

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