Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St., Suite 2 Kihei, Maui, Hawaii 96753

1. MPAT Tempest Express 14 Staff Planning WorkshopPhnom Penh, Cambodia 06-14 March 2008 Regional Disaster Overview Thursday, 06 March 2008 1145 - 1230 Mr. Todd Bosse Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst Pacific Disaster Center 1305 N. Holopono St., Suite 2 Kihei, Maui, Hawaii 96753 http://www.pdc.org

2. Src: Digital Globe Src: PDC

3. Facts … • Disasters Destabilize Economic and Political Orders • In 2006 disasters killed 23,000 people, affected 143 million others, and cost more than $34.5b USD (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) • Natural disasters cost developing countries 2%–15% of GDP annually [on average] (Kreiner, Arnold, and Carlin 2003) • Natural disasters cause high unstability in national incomes (Asian Development Bank, Strategy for the New Millennium) Source: CRED

4. Facts … • Disasters are on the Rise • There has been a substantial increase in the number of reported natural disasters in the [Pacific] region since 1950s (World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006) • …[in] 2000-2006 … number of disasters increasing by nearly a multiple factor of two (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) Src: CRED

5. Asia-Pacific • We Live in a Disaster-Prone Region (Asia Pacific) • 44% of disasters BUT 83% of victims (UN – International Strategies for Disaster Reduction, Disasters in Numbers, 2006) • In 2006, disasters affected 119M people and cost $25b USD (CRED – Annual Disaster Statistical Review: Numbers and Trends 2006) Source: CRED Number of Disasters by Continent Number of Victims by Continent

6. Regional Disaster Overview “Asia has been the world’s most disaster prone region, having suffered about half of the world’s major disasters over the past five decades.”(SRC: ADRC, http://www.adrc.or.jp/publications/ngo_workshop/1.pdf) • Asia accounts for over 60% of the World’s total population with 3.8 billion people. • Much of Asia lies within a high risk area termed the “Pacific Ring of Fire” • Majority of Asian nations are “developing”.

7. Disasters in Developing Nations • Proportion of persons living in cities in developing countries has doubled since 1960. • Half are disaster prone due to the same features that make them livable • The poor are hardest hit • Poverty drives informal settlements in disaster prone areas • Disasters severely affect food production in the poor • Small fluctuations in income have a dramatic impact on the poor. Savings not adequate to deal with a catastrophe • No insurance • Many Nations require additional investments in capabilities relevant to disaster management • Varying levels of capabilities • SRC: Freeeman, P., Keen, M., Mani M., “Being Prepared”, Finance and Development, Sept 2003.

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9. Facts … Ring of Fire….. • The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean in a 40,000 km horseshoe shape.(SRC: USGS) • It is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic belts and tectonic plate movements. (SRC: USGS) • The Ring of Fire contains 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. (SRC: USGS, National Geographic) • Ninety percent of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire.(SRC: USGS)

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11. Facts … World EQ Snapshot

12. Asia-Pacific Volcanoes

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20. ASEAN Disaster Overview Note: L = light; M= medium; S = severe

21. Cambodia Disasters Most Significant Disasters in Cambodia Number of People Affected Number of People Killed

22. ASEAN DISCNet • Goal: Enhance ASEAN disaster management capacity & readiness by establishing a common operating picture and data sharing methods. • Process: Evaluate and document the existing and varying ICT capabilities for each of the participating member countries NDMO’s. • Based on established ‘benchmarks’ • Product: Develop GAP analysis document. • Website, GIS, data sharing, networking, partner agencies

23. DISCNet Results • With regard to the DISCNet benchmark categories, NDMO’s have varying levels of capability from Nation to Nation. • All Nations have ‘Basic’ infrastructure • ½ of nations have reliable internet access. • Most need investments in GIS and Archived Disaster Information. • No established mechanism for sharing of disaster related information regionally

24. The future … • Disasters are Global Concerns requiring wide-spread support • Whole of Government and Military HA/DR • International Support and Collaboration • Cannot Stop Disasters; But Can Reduce Impacts • In 1991, Cyclone Val cost 230% of Samoa GDP; while Heta in 2004 cost only 9% of GDP (World Bank, Not if but when – Executive Summary 2006) • Information Technologies Are Here Today • Decision Aid Tools • Risk Assessment Methodologies • Exercises

25. Regional, web-based, geospatial information application with access to GIS data and attributes designed to support the disaster management/emergency response communities. Natural Hazards & Vulnerabilities Atlas • Natural Hazards • Tropical Storms • Wildfires • Earthquakes • Tsunamis • Volcanoes • Floods • Risk Exposure • People • Infrastructure http://atlas.pdc.org

26. Mr. Todd Bosse Sr. Geospatial Information Analyst Pacific Disaster Center Hawaii, USA tbosse@pdc.org http://www.pdc.org