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Bioenergetics

Bioenergetics. I. Introduction. A. Definition. B. History. 1. Count Rumford ( 1798 ) work into heat studies , cannon boring. 2. Sadi Carnot ( 1824 ) work depends on the temperature , cyclic engine. 3. James Joule ( 1842 ) established equivalence of work and heat ( Joule ).

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Bioenergetics

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  1. Bioenergetics I. Introduction A. Definition B. History

  2. 1.Count Rumford(1798) work into heat studies, cannon boring 2.Sadi Carnot(1824) work depends on the temperature, cyclic engine 3.James Joule(1842) established equivalence of work and heat (Joule) 4.Rudolph Classius(1850) states the firsttwo laws of thermodynamics 5.J. Gibbs (1878) proposed free energy or system energy to perform work when To and pressure are uniform throughout a system called Free Energy

  3. 6.Ludwig Boltzman late 19th century, proposed energy existed as packets based on particles he called atoms, started fields of thermodynamics and kinetics. Committed suicide in 1906 because no one believed him. 7.Albert Einstein late 1905 atoms held the energy (basis for almost all energy equations) 8.Ernest Rutherford (1910) and Neils Bohr (1912) would design the shape and structure of an atom.

  4. C. Energy Forms

  5. 1. Potential Energy = StoredEnergy Figure 8.2

  6. 2. KineticEnergy = MotionEnergy Figure 8.2

  7. D. Energy Laws

  8. 1. Law ofConservation, Constancy, or Quantityof Energy Figure 8.3

  9. 2. Law ofTransformation, Order, or Qualityof Energy Figure 8.3

  10. The basis for life on earth is bound to this diagram. Figure 9.2

  11. E. Energy Reactions

  12. 1. Predicting reaction spontaneity = Free Energy  (ΔG) ΔG = free energy ΔH = enthalpy ΔG = ΔH - TΔS ΔS = entropy T =absolute temperature

  13. Figure 8.5

  14. 2. Exergonic reactions = release of free energy 3. Endergonic reactions = absorbs free energy Figure 8.6

  15. Figure 8.7

  16. F. ATP and Energy Coupling

  17. 1. Structure of ATP Figure 8.8

  18. Cycling of ATP Figure 8.9

  19. 2. ATP Coupled Reactions Figure 8.10

  20. Figure 8.11

  21. II. Enzymes A. Definition B. History

  22. 1.Pasteur vs. Leibig (1890’s) Fermentationneeds intact cells or not 2.Buchner late 1890’s Yeast yield EtOH and CO2 from catalyst in cells (yeast) coined the term “enzyme” 3.Sumner (1926) isolated crystalline protein called urease

  23. C. Function

  24. 1. Overview Figure 8.13

  25. 2. How? Figure 8.14

  26. Figure 8.15

  27. 2. How? Figure 8.17

  28. 3. Kinetics

  29. 3. Kinetics Line Weaver-Burk plot

  30. Line Weaver-Burk plot

  31. 4. Environmental Effects (Temperature) Figure 8.18

  32. 4. Environmental Effects (Inhibitors) Figure 8.19

  33. 5. Regulation (Allosteric) Figure 8.20

  34. 5. Regulation (Feedback Inhibition) Figure 8.21

  35. Learning can be suchsweet sorrow.

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