第七部分写作基础

第七部分写作基础

五个基本句型 句型概述：所谓简单句就是由一个主语(包括并列主语)和一个谓语(包括并列谓语)组成的句子，即一个主谓关系的句子。五个基本句型如下：基本句型例句与译文(多选自高考参考范文,望熟读体会,力求背诵) 主＋谓The sport first appeared in 1896.这项运动最早出现于1896年。主＋谓＋宾We did a survey among 600 students.我们在600个学生中作了一次调查。

主＋谓＋双宾My parents bought me a pair of shoes.我父母给我买了一双鞋。主＋谓＋宾＋宾补Their behaviour made him angry.他们的行为使他生气。主+系+表Koalas in wildlife parks can’t fall asleep. 野生动物园里的考拉熊睡不着觉。

特别提醒：根据历年高考阅卷的情况，考生写句子最易犯的错是：不用be时却用了，或者该用be时却没用。因此，我们须注意：特别提醒：根据历年高考阅卷的情况，考生写句子最易犯的错是：不用be时却用了，或者该用be时却没用。因此，我们须注意： ①英语句子通常要有谓语动词，否则就不完整。如表达“他很累”，不能说He tired.而要说He is tired.因为tired是形容词，句中无动词。切记：当句子意思好像完整，但句中没有动词时，一定要加上be。 ②当句中已有谓语动词时，若不是进行时态或被动语态，一定不要再用be。如表达“他昨天来过这里”，不能说He was came here yesterday.而要说He came here yesterday.

翻译合并：翻译下列句子并注明各句的句型结构；然后将其合并成五句话的短文。翻译合并：翻译下列句子并注明各句的句型结构；然后将其合并成五句话的短文。这个学期王老师教我们英语。王老师来自湖南。他是一位优秀的英语教师。他的课生动有趣。他的教学方法使我们对英语感兴趣。他常常给我们讲英语故事。他也要求我们在课堂上用英语表演。我们学习非常努力。我们大多数人都擅长英语。我们都热爱他。

翻译：Mr. Wang teaches us English this term.(主+谓+间宾+直宾) He is from Hunan.(主+系+表) He is an excellent teacher.(主+系+表) His classes are lively and interesting. (主+系+表) His teaching method makes us interested in English.(主+谓+宾+宾补) He often tells us English stories.(主+谓+间宾+直宾) He also asks us to act in English in class.(主+谓+宾+宾补) We study very hard.(主+谓) Most of us are good at English.(主+系+表) We all love him.(主+谓+宾) 合并：Mr. Wang， an excellent teacher from Hunan， teaches us English. His classes are so lively and interesting that we are all interested in English. Not only does he often tell us English stories but also he asks us to act in English in class. We study hard and most of us are very good at English. We all love him.

there be结构 句型概述：there be结构的基本句式为： there be +名词或代词(+doing /done /to do/定语从句)+地点或时间(可位于句首)

翻译填空：根据汉语句子完成英文句子，或用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，请特别留意there be结构的用法。 1. 曾有一位非常勤劳的农夫。(2005年广东卷) ___________________________who worked very hard. 2. 一般说来，我作出这个决定有两个原因。(2008年上海卷) Generally speaking, _________________________for my decision. There was once a farmer there are two reasons

3. 沿途800米长的大街，有300多家商店。(2009北京卷) Along this 800-meter street,________________________. 4. 今晚在上海体育馆将有一场中国队和韩国队的足球赛。 ________________a football match between China and South Korea in Shanghai Stadium this evening. 5. 已经有许多作家利用他们手中的笔同错误的事作斗争。(2009揭阳) _______________________________who used their pens to fight against things that were wrong. there are more than 300 shops There will be There have been many writers

6. 似乎每分钟都有这种笑话被克隆出来。 ________________a new joke ________ (clone) every minute. 7. 前门大街是步行街(pedestrian street)，但是那里有当当车(trolley car)带你去商店、茶馆和剧院。(2009北京卷) Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but ________ trolley cars _____________ (take) you to the shops, teahouses and theatres. 8. 有许多人在观看足球赛。 ________________people___________ (watch) the football match. 9.然而，有一个错误我想指出来。(2009年湖北卷) However, I’m afraid______________________________. cloned There seems to be there are to take/taking watching There are a lot of there is one mistake I’d like to point out

10. 可能会有一个更好的方法来做这件事。 _________________a more clever way to do this. 11. 我完全理解为什么我们为此事感到不快，但是没有必要感到太难过。(2009年安徽卷) I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but______________________________________. 12. 与传统课堂比起来，毫无疑问，在网络上学生可以得到更多的学习资源。(2007年茂名二模) Compared to a traditional classroom, _______________ students can get more learning resources on the Net. There might be there’s no need to feel too sad there is no doubt that

介词短语 1. (2009年江西卷)We are sure that everything will be better____________________________________(随着时间的推移). 2. (2009北京卷) _________________________________ _______________ (一到达), we began to work immediately. 3. (2009北京卷) __________________________(做完那些工作之后), we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees, and ______________ (在离开之前), we took some photos to record our green action. with time passing by(=As time passes by) Upon arrival /On arriving(=As soon as we arrived) After getting the work done before leaving

4. (2009天津卷) _______________________________ (在比赛的过程中), you should finish your speech in five minutes and try your best to express yourself in English fluently. 5. (2009湖南卷) ____________________ (一听到铃声), students ran into the classroom as quickly as they could. 6. ____________________________________________ (随着科学和技术的发展), the world is changing every day. In the process of the competition On hearing the bell With the development of science and technology

并列复合句 句型概述：并列复合句的句式结构如下。简单句+并列连词(and, but, yet, or, etc.) +简单句。连词填空：用适当的并列连词填空，理解、体会并熟记下列句子。 1. Work hard, ________ you will fail. 2. Work hard, _________ you will get good grades. or and

3. (2008江西卷)I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing English, _______ I failed to pass the mid-term examination. 4. (2004广东卷)About 9 o’clock last night, I was busy preparing for my today’s test________________________ suddenly loud noises came into my room. 5. (2007广东卷)Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, _____ 48% of the boys favor sports stars. but when =and just at that time while

6. (2009江西卷)However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties, when you quarrel with others ______when you fail in doing something, you may have a bad mood. 7. (2009辽宁卷)Next Saturday, we are going to pick apples in a village 20 kilometers away from our town, _____ all are welcome. or and

主从复合句 句式概述：主从复合句大体上可表述为以下两种句式结构： ①主句+引导从句的连词+从句 He was fond of drawing when he was a child. 他还是个孩子时就喜欢画画。 ②引导从句的连词+从句，主句 When he was a child, he was fond of drawing. 他还是个孩子时就喜欢画画。

翻译填空：根据汉语提示完成下列句子，并指出从句的类型；然后体会、熟读、背诵，并能灵活运用。翻译填空：根据汉语提示完成下列句子，并指出从句的类型；然后体会、熟读、背诵，并能灵活运用。 • (2009全国卷)I have taken with me__________________ • ______________________________________________ • (你叫我帮你还给市图书馆的那两本书). • 2. (2009辽宁卷)We will meet at 8:00 am at the gate, _____ ________________________ (一辆蓝色的公共汽车将在那里等候). • 3. (2009辽宁卷)_____________________ (如果你有兴趣), please sign up at the office before 5:00 pm next Thursday ____________________________________ • (以便我们作必要的安排). the two books you asked me to return to the City Library where ablue bus will be waiting If you are interested so that we will make necessary arrangements

4. (2009广东卷)It is said that slightly more than 50% students, ______________________________________ (这在世界排名第一), are short-sighted. 5. (2009湖南卷)_________________________________ (在他进来后不久), he cried on his desk. 6. (2009广东卷)The causes for short-sightedness are so complicated ____________________________________ (没有一种药可以治愈近视). which ranks the first in the world Shortly after he came in that no medicine can cure it

7. (2009广东卷) _________________________________ (如果我是野生动物园的动物), I would feel annoyed ______________________________________(当人们不断地同我拍照时). 8. He suggested that ______________________________ ______________________________________ (中小学生不要过分使用眼睛，且要多做户外活动). (2009年广东卷) 9. (2008湖南卷) __________________________ (使我印象最深的) is his famous saying. “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”. If I were an animal in the wildlife park when people keep photographing with me school children (should) avoid overuse of their eyes and do more outdoor activities What impresses me most What I want to stress 10. (2008江苏卷) ____________________________ (我要强调的)is that each of us should listen more to others.

非谓语动词短语 • (2009年北京卷)In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, ___________________________ • (一路上有说有笑). • 2. (2009全国卷)At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, Tracy called, ______________________________________ ______________________________［说她明天上午不能在咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee)同你见面］ as she had something important to attend to. talking and laughing all the way saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning

3. (2009天津卷) _________________________________ (参加英语演讲比赛) is a helpful way to learn English. 4. (2009安徽卷)Our parents are checking our bags or diaries ________________________________________ (是为了确定我们没有卷入任何麻烦事). 5. (2009湖南卷) _____________________ (被他的话所感动), I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing ________________________(名叫“母亲”的一首歌)for the students. Taking part in English speech competitions to make sure we’re not getting into any trouble Moved by his words a song named “Mother”

强调结构与倒装句式 根据题后中括号里的要求，将题中括号中的汉语译成符合语境的英文。 1. (2008广东卷)_________________________________ ______________(直到19世纪末……才)shooting earned its status as a sport. ［用强调结构］ 2. We should be thankful to our parents______________ ______________________________________(因为是他们把我们带到这个世界). (2009年重庆卷) ［用强调结构］ It was not until at the end of 19th century that because it was they that brought us into this world

3. (2008陕西卷)Everyone knows that we are busy all day. Seldom _______________________________________ _______(我们知道国内外正在发生什么) ［用倒装结构］ 4. (2009福建卷) ______________________ (只有用这种方法我才能)gain more confidence. ［用倒装句式］ 5. _____________________(只因为他有病了) did he not come to school. ［用倒装句式］ 6. ______________________(只有那时，我才认识到) that I had been wrong. ［用倒装句式］ do we know what is happening both at home and abroad Only in this way can I Only because he was ill Only then did I realize

独立主格结构和with复合结构 1. (2009浙江卷)_________________ (所有的事都做完之后), they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. ［用独立主格结构］ 2. (2006广东卷)__________________________ (由于那噪音的持续), I couldn’t go on studying. ［with的复合结构］ 3. _________________________________ (随着社会的快速发展), it’s quite necessary that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. ［with的复合结构］ Everything done With the noise going on With the society developing very fast

it 句型 1. (2008上海卷)For the two reasons mentioned above, _____________________(……就不足为奇了)I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition. 2. (2007辽宁卷)As I am away from my parents, _____ _______________________ (对我来说有必要学会)to live on my own 3. ________________________(众所周知)some students cheat in examinations at school. 4.(2007浙江卷)As we haven’t mastered enough English words, sometimes we may _________________ (觉得困难)to follow the teacher. 5. I think __________________________________ (在考试中作弊是错误的) because it breaks the rules of school. it is no surprise that it is necessary for me to learn It is known to us all that find it difficult it (is) wrong to cheat in examinations

连接性词语 归纳总结：篇章结构连贯是三大评分标准之一，因此，我们在写作时，除按逻辑组合信息点外，还必须学会灵活运用连接性词语。除连接并列复合句的连接词和引导主从复合句的连接词之外，特别推荐使用以下连词性词语(见书第169页)

完成句子：用适当的连接性词语完成句子，并熟读，最好能背诵，以便在写作中运用自如。完成句子：用适当的连接性词语完成句子，并熟读，最好能背诵，以便在写作中运用自如。 1. (2007四川卷) _______________, a good rest is needed because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years.首先，需要休息，因为在这几年努力学习之后我的确感到累了。 2. (2009广东卷) __________________________, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short-sighted.根据王教授所说，我国略高于一半的中小学生有近视。 First of all According to Professor Wang

in my opinion 3. (2008北京卷)So ____________, while we are confident in ourselves, we should recognize strengths in others and show due respect for them. 因此，依我看，在我们自信的同时，也要承认别人的力量和给足别人的面子。 4. (2008广东卷) _____________________ , I’m preparing to enter a university and leaving the high school where I’ve been studying for three years.就我自己而言，我正准备上大学了，就要离开我学习了三年的母校了。 5. (2001全国卷) ________________ , everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.据我所知，每个人都对这样的安排感到高兴。 As far as I am concerned As far as I know

6. (2008浙江卷)People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. _________, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion.人们也可以选择团队合作，在团队里他们可以互相学习，互相帮助。此外，他们通过讨论还可以想到完成工作的更好的办法。 7. (2008陕西卷)So I think “Friday News Hour” can broaden our mind and enrich our school life. _________ , it will help us improve our reading skills.所以我认为，星期五读报活动可以开阔我们的眼界和丰富校园生活。而且(况且/更重要的是)，还有助于我们提高阅读技巧。 Besides What’s more

8. (2009福建卷)There are many advantages of smiling. It can _______ make us happy, ________please others.微笑有许多益处,它不但能使我们快乐，而且也能使别人开心。 9. (2008广东卷)It seems to me the ideal college life is that I become matured ______ physically _____ mentally.对我来说,理想的大学生活使身体上和心理上两方面都变得成熟。 10. (2006福建卷)To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit _______________________ ______ main food.为了保持身体健康，我们应该饮食多样化，除主食外，通常还包括适量的鱼、肉、蔬菜和水果。 not only but also and both as well as /in addition to/ besides

11. (2007浙江卷)When English is the only language used in the classroom, students will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking. __________, they will be able to learn more quickly.当英语是课堂上使用的唯一一种语言时，学生就有更多机会练习听说。因此，他们就能够学得更快。 Therefore

12. (2006北京春)Li Ming used to be a healthy boy, _____ over a year ago, he got into the habit of eating a lot of junk food and snacks. _________ , he spent a lot of time lying on the sofa, watching TV, and did little exercise. __________ , he put on so much weight that he found it difficult to climb the stairs.李明曾是一位健康的男孩，就在一年多前，他养成了吃垃圾食品和零食的习惯。此外，他躺在沙发上看电视的时间多又很少锻炼。结果，他胖了很多以致爬楼梯都感到困难。 but Besides As a result

13. (2006山东卷)I think I’m fit for the job. As a student, I’ve read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields. I’m fond of English and do well in both speaking and writing. ________, I’m easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others._______________, I once worked as a reporter for my school broadcasting station. _________I’m sure I can do the job well if I get the position. 我认为我适合这个工作。作为学生，我进行了大量的阅读，广泛涉猎，知识面广博。我喜爱英语，口头和书面表达都不错。此外，我易于与人相处，乐于与他人合作。尤其是(最重要的是)，我曾是校广播站的记者。因此，我相信，如果我得到这个职位，我能做好这项工作。(应聘某英文报兼职记者) Besides Above all So

14. (2008湖北卷)I bought a mobile phone on 20th Apr.2008. __________________ , it didn’t ring and send short messages.______ I took it to the seller, but was told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one._______ I went to the repairman. 我在2008年4月20日买了一部手机。10天之后，打不了电话也发不了信息。然后，我拿给经销商，但是却被告知，这种型号的卖完了，换台新的至少要等3个月。后来，我就找人修理了。(给外国手机公司投拆) Ten days after that Then Later

15. (2006辽宁卷)It was snowing heavily on Monday morning. Li Hua was at the bus stop, waiting for Bus No.601 to go to school. ______________ , a bus came and she got on it.星期一早上下着大雪，李华在公共汽车站等车去上学。片刻之后，一辆公交车来了，他就上车了。 16. (1996全国卷)I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. ___________ I went to No.6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer.1984年到1990年我在光明小学读书。自那以后，我就上了大连六中，今年夏天毕业。 After a while After that

17. (2008年湖南卷)She became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old. ___________she lived in a world of darkness and silence.她19个月时变得又聋又瞎。自那时起，她就生活在一片寂静漆黑的世界里。 18. (2000全国卷)I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side of the street. _____ I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park Road. ________________ the car hit the man while he was crossing the road.我正沿着公园路向东走着，突然一位老人从街道对面的公园里走出来。然后，我看到一辆黄色汽车从Third Street开过来，向右转驶入公园路。接下来，就在那个老人横过公路时，那辆汽车撞到了他。 Since then Then The next moment

19. (2009广东卷)If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me ... _________ , I don’t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals.如果我是野生动物园的动物，人们不停地同我拍照，我会感到烦恼。然而，我不赞成同动物拍照是违法的。 20. (2002全国卷)60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed... ______________ , 40% think that fees should be charged because... 百分之六十的学生反对公园收门票，他们认为……另一方面，有百分之四十的学生认为应当收门票，因为…… However On the other hand

21. In some large American city schools, as many as 20-40% of the students are absent each day. __________________________ for such absences: _____is sickness, and _________ is truancy.在美国某些大城市的学校里，每天多达20-40%的学生缺课。缺课主要有两个原因，一个是有病，另一个是逃学。 There are two major reasons one the other

22. I think it is a kind or win-win activity. ____________ , I can help take care of the children. _________________ , I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation我认为这是一个友好或双赢的活动。一来，我可以帮助照看好那些孩子；二来，在活动期间我可以提高我的英语水平，交更多的朋友和丰富我的暑期生活。(2008年福建) For one thing For another thing

23. (2008上海卷)There are a number of reasons for my decision. ___________________, as the College Entrance Exam is just around the corner, study is the top priority for me._____________, I don’t think I can be a good dancing partner. In this case, it’s better for me to be a spectator cheering for my classmates. 我作出这个决定有几方面的原因。首先，由于高考临近，学习是我的头等大事；更何况，我不会跳舞。在这种情况下，我最好是做一个观众为同学们喝彩。 First and foremost What’s more

24. (2007陕西卷)I think that Lora should work part-time for these reasons. _______ , she can make some pocket money to meet daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence. _________ , she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace. _______ , she can build up new friendships and improve social skills.我认为Lora应当去做暑期工，其理由是：首先，她可以赚点零用钱，以满足日常生活的需要和培养独立意识；其次，她可以学会处理在工作中遇到的各种问题；第三，她可以建立新的友谊并提高社交技巧。 First Second Third

25. One can keep fit ____________________. ______ , one should keep a balanced diet. ___________ , one is to exercise regularly.__________, one is to get rid of bad habits, such as drinking and smoking._______________ ________ make sure to be always in a good mood. 可用下列方法保持健康。第一，保持合理饮食；第二，经常锻炼；第三，改掉诸如喝酒和抽烟这样的坏习惯；最后但同等重要的是，一定要保持良好的心情。 Firstly in the following ways Secondly Thirdly And last but not least

26. (2007辽宁卷)As I am away from my parents, it is necessary for me to learn to live on my own, ________ doing some washing and cleaning by myself. In my spare time, I will take part in different kinds of school activities. _____________ , I will often go to the English Corner to practice my spoken English.由于我远离父母，有必要学会独立生活，如自己洗衣服或打扫卫生。在业余时间，我将参加学校各种活动。例如，我将常去英语角练习英语口语。(谈谈如何安排大学生活) such as For example

27. ________________________ , it is one of the oldest cities in the world.就拿北京来说吧，它是世界上最古老的都市之一。 28. (2009上海卷)I am very glad that your school will hold the English Summer Camp that contains many courses ________, gardening, cooking, self-defence, nursing ____________.很高兴，你们学校将举行包括许多课程的英语夏令营，如园艺、烹饪、防身术和护理等。 Take Beijing for example such as and so on

29. (2006北京卷) __________ , changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.总之(简言之)，在过去20年里，生活中的变化给我们带来了舒适和方便。 30. (2009福建卷) ____________ , let’s greet every day with a smile.总而言之(一言以蔽之)，让我们面带笑容迎接每一天吧。 In short In a word

第七部分 写作基础