9B/Sc2 Mrs Cooper Room S109

1. 9B/Sc2Mrs CooperRoom S109 Code of conduct

2. Overview of GCSE Core

4. B1: Understanding Organisms • B1a: Fitness and health L1 • LO: to know the differences between health and fitness, concentrating on the causes of heart disease. ALL: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... MOST: Level 7/ GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation... SOME: Level 8/ GCSE A I should be able to analyse further... Starter: name the 3 different types of blood vessels. What are their job?

5. Blood vesselsOCR (orange) pages 16, 17 • 1 • 2 • 3 • Explain... • ...why blood in arteries is under pressure. • due to contraction of heart muscles • • so that it reaches all parts of the body.

6. Health X Fitness Health Fitness free from disease • the ability to do physical activity • What are the different ways of measuring fitness? strength, stamina, flexibility, agility, speed and cardiovascular efficiency

7. Examples of heart diseaseOCR orange page 16-17

8. PlenaryB711/01 January 2012 Q1

9. Plenary

10. B1: Understanding Organisms • B1a: Fitness and health L2 • LO: To know the differences between health and fitness, concentrating on the prevention of heart disease. ALL: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... MOST: Level 7/ GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation... SOME: Level 8/ GCSE A I should be able to analyse further...

11. Starter

12. Starter

13. Factors that increase the risks of developing heart disease • high blood pressure • smoking • eating high levels of salt • eating high levels of saturated fat. • Explain, Expand and Analyse... ...the possible consequences of having high blood pressure ....the possible consequences of having low blood pressure ... how cholesterol can restrict or block blood flow in arteries. click here for video

14. Examples of heart diseases • Click here for video • Click here for video Heart Disease Produce a guide to the development of heart disease • Causes of heart disease • Symptoms of heart disease • Effects of high blood pressure

15. EMI L3 • . Explain structure and function of protein carbohydrates and fats. Explain that carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the liver or converted to fats and fats are stored under the skin and as fatty tissue but proteins are not stored. (Higher tier only) Distinguish between micro and macro nutrients through Q and A. And explain why humans need • Vitamin c • Iron • Protein • Carbohydrates • Fats • Water • Fibre. Examples could be given of glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, protein, starch and for pupils to sort into ‘small’ and ‘large’ molecules. Simple food tests could be carried out including for protein, sugars and starch.

16. B1: Understanding Organisms • B1b: Human health and diet L4 and 5 • LO: to carry out simple food test for protein, sugar, starch and fat ALL: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... MOST: Level 7/ GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation... SOME: Level 8/ GCSE A I should be able to analyse further... Starter: What are the 7 nutrients needed for a balanced diet?

17. Types of nutrients

18. Food testclick here for food test Test for glucose • Equipment: 3 test tubes, beaker, hot water and Benedict’s solution • Food: Solutions of starch, glucose and oil • Method: Few drops of each food in each test tube. Add Benedict’s solution and heat for 2 minutes in a water bath. Test for fat • Equipment: Filter paper • Food: Solutions of starch, glucose and oil • Method: A drop of each food on paper Test for starch • Equipment: dropping tile and iodine • Food: Solutions of starch, glucose and oil • Method: few drops of each food in tile and 2 drops of iodine Test for protein • Equipment: test tube, hydroxide solution and cooper sulphate solution • Food: Solutions of starch, glucose and oil • Method: Few drops of each food in each test tube, add Benedict solution

19. Past paperB711-02Jun12 Q1

20. Homework due on 18/09 research the meanings of the terms ‘first class’ proteins and ‘second class proteins’ explain what the difference between them is. B1: Understanding Organisms • B1b: Human health and diet L6 • LO: to know how to measure body mass index (BMI) and how to calculate the recommended average protein intake (EAR estimated daily requirement) ALL: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... MOST: Level 7/ GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation... SOME: Level 8/ GCSE A I should be able to analyse further... Starter: Why do we need protein, carbohydrates and fats?

21. membrane: fats and carbohydrate nucleus: protein cytoplasm: protein and water What are cells made from? Different nutrients are incorporated into each part of a cell:

22. What is BMI? BMI = body mass (kg) (height)2 (m) Body Mass Index (BMI) measures the relative amounts of fat and muscle in the body. Gloria: 1.45m and 66kg BMI Conclusion BMI = 31 <20 underweight Zak: 20-25 normal 1.85m and 66kg BMI = 19 25-30 overweight >30 obese What are their health risks? Obese people have an increased risk of arthritis, diabetes and heart disease. People who are underweight tend to have poor immune systems and often get ill.

23. BMI = body mass (kg) (height)2 (m) BMIOCR (orange) page 19 Calculating BMI Risks linked to obesity Describe the possible health risks linked to high BMI. Arthritis Heart disease Diabetes Risks of obesity • Body mass index • Calculate your own BMI • Measure your height in metres and your body mass in kilograms

24. You are what you eat! When food is digested its components enter the blood. carbohydrate glucose fatty acids + glycerol fat protein amino acids Molecules used for growth and repairbecome part of the body. Those used as energy sources are lost as CO2 and H2O.

25. You are what you eat! What could this food label represent? A human!

26. Dietary guidelines vitamins and minerals (1%) protein (14%) carbohydrate (50%) fat (35%) The amount of each type of nutrient a person needs varies between individuals. What factors might affect how much a person needs?

27. Estimated daily requirement (EAR) of protein (g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg) Lack of protein Proteins in meat and fish are called first-class proteins because they contain all the essential amino acids that humans need in their diet. What is the EAR of protein for a 60kg student? EAR = 0.6 x 60kg = 36grams A protein deficiency illness called Kwashiorkor can cause a swollen belly and weak immune system, and is common in developing countries.

28. What is a deficiency disease? A person who does not eat a balanced diet, or does not eat enough food, is said to be malnourished. Vitamins and minerals cannot be made by the body. So, when they are absent from a diet, a person may suffer from a deficiency disease. Each deficiency disease has characteristic symptoms. Nutritionists, dieticians and doctors need to be able to recognize these symptoms in order to diagnose the disease and cure the patient. Deficiency diseases can be cured by eating the right food.

29. Past paper

30. L7 EMI B1cPathogens and causes of disease: Types of pathogen, Classification of disease by pathogen,How diseases are spread • Lead a group session on what illnesses pupils or their families may have had. • Pupils could be shown images (see ‘sciencephoto’ website) of virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa and they have to match the pictures the name of the type of microorganism. • Write these as a list on the board and see if pupils can group them into virus/bacteria/other/both (a Venn diagram could be filled in) ensure misconceptions are dealt with. • Discuss the differences between infectious and non infectious. • Pupils could be given examples of names of diseases and they sort them into infectious and non infectious diseases. • Explain that diseases are caused by 4 main kinds of pathogen; protozoa, fungi, bacteria, virus. • Set up agar plates either using washed and unwashed fingers or samples from around the room. • Describe diseases caused by each of the pathogens. • Carry out the HCL and water demo to show spread of infectious disease. • Describe and explain how malaria and other diseases are spread. • Video from youtube shown to illustrate the lifecycle and effects of malaria. • Pupils could use the video to help them match up definitions for key terms ‘vector’, ‘parasite’ ‘host’. • Article mentioning cherylcole catching malaria could be used to discuss with pupils and link to real • By examining a diagram of the lifecycle of mosquitoes pupils suggest ways in which this can be used to help control/reduce the spread of infections – eg by draining stagnant water etc. (HT) • Homework: Pupils write a news article about malaria explaining its cause, effects, treatment and prognosis. life examples they might have seen in the news.

31. Homework due on 25/09 Research: What are vaccines Research: the history of vaccines B1: Understanding Organisms • B1c: Staying healthy L8 • LO: to know how hygiene, health diet and vaccination are used to prevent diseases. ALL: Level 5/ GCSE D I should be able to describe and give examples… MOST: Level 7/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... SOME: Level 7/GCSE B I should be able to expand Starter: What was the slogan: “catch it, kill it and bin it!” used for?

32. Catch it, bin it and kill it ! • click here for video

33. Body defences • Working with a partner complete the worksheet provided on the body defences. • You can use the text book provided for help. Click here for body defences

34. Preventing diseases • List ways for preventing diseases, especially infectious. • Hygiene: • Diet: Which diseases can be caused by lack of nutrients? • Vaccination: • Explainhow hygiene, diet and vaccination could prevent you from catching diseases.

35. Past paperB711-02Jan12

36. Past paperB711-02Jan12

37. Homework due on 25/09 B1: Understanding Organisms • B1c: Staying healthy L8 • LO: to know what cancer is and the treatment involved in stopping it or preventing the spread of it. ALL: Level 5/ GCSE D I should be able to describe and give examples… MOST: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... SOME: Level 7/GCSE B I should be able to expand Starter: Write down as many words as you can think of that relates to the word cancer.

38. Now use the A3 paper provided to write as many words related to cancer as your group can think of. Cancer

39. Living with cancer…

40. TYPES OF CANCER: • skin cancer, • lung cancer, • breast cancer, • liver cancer

41. What is cancer? • You are going to watch a video about cancer. • Look for the meaning of the following key words. • Types of cancer • Sarcommas • Leukaemia • Lymphomas • Carcinomas • Where cancer begin in the body. • How the cancer begin • The meaning of benign and malignant tumours • Metastasis • How genes are linked to cancer • How the environment can affect the genes leading to cancer. click here for video

42. Cancer and life style • Can you link different types of cancer to people’s lifestyle? • Lung cancer • Throat cancer • Skin cancer • Breast cancer • Liver cancer • Mouth cancer Changes to lifestyle that could decrease the chances of developing cancer

43. Beat cancer with humour Think of a cartoon that could or slogan to encourage the fight against cancer. Think back to ways of preventing (changes to lifestyle) to help you.

44. Homework due on 25/09 B1: Understanding Organisms • B1c: Staying healthy L9 • LO: to know how the body defends itself against diseases. ALL: Level 5/ GCSE D I should be able to describe and give examples… MOST: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... SOME: Level 7/GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation Starter: what are white blood cells and where are they found?

45. Types of white blood cell There are several types of white blood cell, each with a different function. But there are two main groups. These are phagocytes or macrophages, and lymphocytes. Phagocytes can pass easily through blood vessel walls into the surrounding tissue, and move towards pathogens or toxins. They then either: • ingest and absorb the pathogens or toxins • release an enzyme to destroy them • Having absorbed a pathogen, phagocytes may also send out chemical messages that help nearby lymphocytes to identify the type of antibody needed to neutralise them. • video on phagocytes

46. Lymphocytes • Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These are called antigens. • Each lymphocyte carries a specific type of antibody - a protein with a chemical ‘fit’ to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly to make many copies of the antibody that neutralises the pathogen.

47. Antibodies • Antibodies are proteins. They can neutralise pathogens in a number of ways. For example, they can: • bind to pathogens and damage or destroy them • coat pathogens, clumping them together so that they are easily ingested by white blood cells called phagocytes. • Each lymphocyte produces a specific type of antibody - a protein that has a chemical 'fit' to a certain antigen. When a lymphocyte with the appropriate antibody meets the antigen, the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody to kill the pathogen. antibodies video

48. Your body’s chemical weapons • Describe how pathogens are destroyed by the immune system. • Explain what antigens and antibodies are. • Draw label diagrams of white blood cells engulfing bacteria and antibody attacking pathogens. white blood cells Resources: Biology co-ordinate page 209 OCR gateway (orange) pages 24 - 25

49. Vaccination • Some issues with vaccination Viruses Some common diseases like influenza (flu) and the common cold are caused by viruses. These mutate quickly, and this changes their surface proteins. This makes it almost impossible to develop a permanent vaccine against them. A new flu vaccine has to be developed every year, after the strain has been analysed. There is no vaccine for the common cold because the virus that causes it mutates far too quickly. By the time a vaccine could be developed, the virus would have changed its surface proteins and would no longer be recognised by the antibodies. Why do we need to be immunised ? Vaccine song

50. Homework due on 02/10 MMR worksheet B1: Understanding Organisms • B1d: The Nervous System L10 • LO: to know how the eye works including the structure of the eyes. ALL: Level 5/ GCSE D I should be able to describe and give examples… MOST: Level 6/ GCSE C I should be able to explain... SOME: Level 7/GCSE B I should be able to expand explanation Starter: D: Describe one way how white blood cellsprotect the body gainst pathogensand give an example of a white blood cell. C: Explain how antibodies are produced in the body. B: Explain how antibodies are specific to a pathogen.