Seismic Risk = f ( Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, Location )

1. Seismic Risk = f (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, Location) EXPOSURE- Objects and structures built by man which are exposed to the effects of the `hazard‘: buildings, bridges, dams, power plant, life-line structure, etc. HAZARD-occurrence of an earthquake of sufficient Magnitude (hence: Intensity at the epicenter) capable of causing damage to the man-made structures. LOCATION-(i) How far the `exposure' is situated from the Hazard location the nearer ones being in greater danger than those far away, and VULNERABILITY-Damageability of the `exposure' under the action of the hazard; weaker ones being more vulnerable and `risky' than the stronger ones. (ii)Local site conditions which can modify the hazard and/or affect the stability of the exposure, such as topography, soil deposit, water table, etc. Figure Source: EERI

2. Primary Strategies under the School Awareness and Safety Programme • Place school safety on the education agenda • Form a School Safety Advisory Committee (....pre-disaster) • Develop a District-wide School Safety Plan • Each school should prepare a Building Level Emergency • Respone Plan • Draw in effective guidelines for safety regulations • Develop safety policies • Develop a school safety literature database on school • safety issues • Support – “Preparedness Month for Schools”

3. Comprehensive School Awareness and Safety Program Basic Components: A. Promoting Awareness and Education Activities B. Demonstrating Disaster Risk Management C. Training and Capacity Building D. Assessing Vulnerability and taking suitable Mitigation Options

4. A. Promoting Awareness & Education Activities • Focus areas: • Disaster Management to be made a part of the normal school activities • Development of IEC materials • Initiate community based programmes

5. B. Demonstrating Disaster Risk Management • Focus areas: • Acquire skills in many aspects (demonstrate through simulated mock drills) • Hazard hunt activity in schools and other simple exercises • Preparation of a Building Evacuation Plan for various hazards • School Disaster Management Plan / Building Level Emergency Response Plan • Simple structural and non-structural mitigation measures

6. Drop, Cover Hold

7. Cont’d B. Demonstrating Disaster Risk Management Delhi DROP COVER HOLD demonstration to the school children during assembly session DROP COVER HOLD (DCH) mockdrill performed inside the class room

8. C. Training and Capacity Building • Focus areas: • Training workshops for key people in education department, teachers/students • and members of the School Safety Advisory Committee in DM. • Conduct training in First aid, Fire fighting, Search & Rescue, School Plan • making etc followed by Preparedness Emergency Drills. • Training of various teams in the schools. Earthquake Preparedness Emergency Drill at Nagbahal school.

9. D. Assessing of School Buildings and Preparedness Focus area: The performance of the schools can be done and categorized as per the vulnerability grading.

10. cont’d. Assessing Vulnerability and taking suitable Preparedness and Mitigation measures • Conducting the school assessment will: • promote student safety • increase awareness about school safety practices • provide insight for new schools to adhere to school safety • help the schools to prepare and update response plans • identify and manage safety and other risks • assessment will help to prioritize immediate measures and act on it • foster the confidence of the parents and the community • assessment will demonstrate the commitment of the school mgmt • to initiate a process in the minds of the people who are directly or indirectly associated with the functioning of the schools to assess whether fulfillments are made as per the requirement of the National Building Code/ The Bombay Primary Education Act 1947/ Local bylaws

11. What is included in the Assessment of School Building Vulnerability & Preparedness? • Architectural Observations: • 1. Area of the School • 2. Space in each class rooms • 2a. Height • 2b. Area per person • 3. Location of the staircase • 3a. Distance of the staircase from the farthest room • 4. Staircase details • 4a. Width of the staircase • 4b. Tread 4c. Riser 4d. No of risers per flight 4e. Minimum headroom in a passage under landing of a staircase 4f. Railing ht • 5. Passage/Corridor • 5a. Width of corridor • 5b. Length of the corridor • 6. No of exits

12. B. Structural Observations: 1.Age of the building 2 Construction History (one phase or multiple phase) 3 Soft storey 4 Column Orientation 5 Shape of building 6 Cantilevers 7Are there cracks in structural elements 8 Are major repair works carried out for the strengthening or the damaged part of the building

13. C. Functional/Operational Observations: 1. Does the building have a Building Use Certificate 2. Condition of the Electrical panels/mains 3. Lightning Protection of buildings 4. Fixed fire fighting installation 5. Regular building maintenance works 6. Exit requirements 6a. Type of exit (doorway/corridor/passageway) 6b. Condition of the exit route eg: obstructions if any 7. Is adequate water/toilet facility available at each floor 8. Are staircase functional at all time or some exits are kept locked 9. Distance of Emergency Service from the school 10. Special Provisions for physically handicapped

14. D. External Observation: 1. Any hazardous unit near the vicinity? 2. Means of access 3. Traffic conditions on the road 4. Speed Breakers 5. Caution sign boards 6. Encroachment near the entrance of the building 7. Chances of water logging 8. Drains 9. Access of fire engine 10. Threat against falling of adjoining buildings/ compound walls/ parapet walls/ chimneys/talls structures/ electricity poles etc. 11. Open space 11a. All round open space 12. Main entrance to the plot 13. Distance between two blocks or Separation between accessory and main building 14. Footpath width/Pathway

15. E. Preparedness Observations: 1. Are awareness programmes organized for the students and the staff 2. Are teachers and students aware of the vulnerability or vulnerable areas in the school 3. Are mock-drills performed regularly in the schools 4. Safe place/shelters identified in the school 5. Assignment of duties and responsibilities to the staff 6. Are staff trained for the first-aid 7. Provision for firefighting systems 8. Public addressal system in working condition