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Ancient Civilization / Middle East

Ancient Civilization / Middle East. This area is referred to as Mesopotamia, which means, “land between two rivers”. It is also called the Fertile Crescent . “Q” What factors contributed to the start of Civilization? A. Farming B. Domestication of Animals C. The Neolithic Revolution.

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Ancient Civilization / Middle East

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  1. Ancient Civilization / Middle East This area is referred to as Mesopotamia, which means, “land between two rivers”. It is also called the Fertile Crescent. “Q” What factors contributed to the start of Civilization? A. Farming B. Domestication of Animals C. The Neolithic Revolution

  2. Trade and commerce developed in Mesopotamia because the farmers learned how to irrigate their land Money wasn't used to trade goods and services. The Mesopotamians used the barter system instead They developed a writing system (Cuneiform) to keep track of buying and selling. Scribes kept accurate records of business transactions by writing on clay tablets Ancient MesopotamiaCharacteristics

  3. “Q” What are the achievements and contributions of Mesopotamia? a. Major cities: at least 1dz. with over 10,000 people b. Specialized labor c. Writing (cuneiform) d. Technology: wheel, plow, and sailboat e. Complex institutions: government and religion

  4. “Q” What city-states developed in Mesopotamia? A. Sumeria: one of the oldest cities in Mesopotamia, known for trading and sailing. Developed the 1st form of writing, cuneiform, as well as the wheel, the plow, and geometry. The city crumbled as the population grew too large for the food supply.

  5. B. Babylonia: • Developed the first Empire in Mesopotamia. • Hammurabi's Codewas the first codified (written laws) legal system in the Middle East. • It was based on the principle of "An Eye For An eye, and a Tooth for a Tooth ".

  6. This code of laws treated people of the same social status as equals, however if two members of different classes came into conflict the penalties for the lower class person was more severe. The law code contained 282 specific laws dealing with everyday issues like contracts, debt, theft, property, and marriage.

  7. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. •  If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ] • If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. [ A tooth for a tooth ] • If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken.

  8.  If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public • If a free-born man strike the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina. • If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.

  9.  If any one bring an accusation of any crime before the elders, and does not prove what he has charged, he shall, if it be a capital offense charged, be put to death. • If his son is still young, and can not take possession, a third of the field and garden shall be given to his mother, and she shall bring him up. •   If a man marry a woman, and she bear sons to him; if then this woman die, then shall her father have no claim on her dowry; this belongs to her sons.

  10. C. Phoenicians: (present day Lebanon) the most powerful merchants and traders during this time. 1. Established colonies throughout the Mediterranean. They were known as the "the Carriers of Civilization". 2. Created an Alphabet, it was the easiest form of writing in the ancient world 3. Helped spread ideas, literacy and products throughout the Mediterranean World. Paved the way for future empires to dominate the Mediterranean. 4. Traded wood, ivory, glass, cloth and dye.

  11. D. Hebrews: originally from Sumeria most famous for the concept ofMonotheism(belief in only one God) 1. Their religion based on moral behavior (1O Commandments) 2. Believed that their God was fair and forgiving. 3. Could establish a personal relationship with their God 4. Became the foundation for Christianity and Islam.

  12. E. Hittites: (present day Turkey) most famous for their Iron, stronger tools and weapons were now possible. F. Assyrians: Located on the upper Tigris river. Created an empire that included most of mesopotamia Success of their Empire was due to: 1. Use of iron weapons 2. Efficient system of communication (pony express) 3. Use of terror tactics 4. Not afraid to mix with different ethnicities

  13. G. Persian Empire: It was the first of the Major World Empires, and the largest up until Alexander the Great

  14. Achievements of the Persians 1. Tolerant Government: allowed for differences in religion, language, and culture (created Satraps) Separate communities with local leaders to help enforce laws for the king (like our government today with each local community having its own leaders) 2. Paved roads throughout the empire helped spread trade and military movement

  15. 3. Standardized the weight of coins, this ensured equal trade throughout the empire. (The gov’t made the coins to guarantee the weight was the same.) • 4. Pony express helped spread the ideas and technology from one end of the empire to the other. • 5. Established a Secret Police force to eliminate any traitors.

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