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The Body Systems and Homeostasis

The Body Systems and Homeostasis. How you work and stay alive. Regulation. Regulation: Maintenance over time. This is mainly done by the Nervous and Endocrine systems. The Nervous System. Controlled by the brain Made of nerves which are bundles of neurons. Neuron . The Brain.

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The Body Systems and Homeostasis

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  1. The Body Systems and Homeostasis How you work and stay alive

  2. Regulation Regulation: Maintenance over time. This is mainly done by the Nervous and Endocrine systems

  3. The Nervous System • Controlled by the brain • Made of nerves which are bundles of neurons

  4. Neuron

  5. The Brain • Cerebrum: Conscious thought, feelings, language, “humanness.” • Cerebellum: Coordination, balance • Medulla Oblongata: Involuntary actions.

  6. The Brain

  7. Synapses

  8. The Endocrine system • Controlled by the brain: pituitary, hypothalamus • Made of glands that secrete hormones • Examples: adrenals, pancreas, testes, uterus

  9. Endocrine vs. Nervous • The Endocrine systems sends complex messages (“go through puberty”) that lasts a long time. • The nervous systems sends short, simple messages (“MOVE”, “JUMP”). • Endocrine messages are sent using hormones in the circulatory system • Nervous messages are sent using electrochemical signals using the nervous system

  10. The Digestive System • Breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs nutrients, eliminates undigested waste. • Mouth>Esophagus>stomach>Small Intestine>Large Intestine>Exit • PERISTALSIS • Mechanical Digestion: Breaks food into smaller pieces (teeth, bile) • Chemical Digestion: Breaks bonds between atoms in the food (enzymes, gastric juices).

  11. The Digestive System (pic)

  12. The Excretory System • The various organs used to get rid of waste products • Lungs, Skin, Urinary System (kidneys and bladder)

  13. Circulation • Moves blood throughout the body. • Brings nutrients to cells (oxygen), removes waste from cells. • Blood vessels: Heart > Arteries > Arterioles> Capillaries > veinules > Veins > Heart • The Heart pumps the blood through the blood vessels.

  14. The Heart

  15. The Respiratory System • Supplies the body with oxygen, which is needed for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6o2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H20 Oxygen and CO2 are exchanged between the body and the atmosphere at the lungs.

  16. The Immune System • Provides defense from harmful foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses) and substances. • The “Non-specific” Immune System is the physical barriers your body has (mucus, skin, gastric juice, etc) and the inflammatory response to wounds. • The “specific” immune system: White Blood Cells produce antibodies for a particular disease organism (“antigen”). The antibodies “tag” the disease organism for destruction by other white blood cells.

  17. Homeostasis Homeostasis: the internal balance needed to remain alive. Examples: reflexes, glucose regulation, valves, respiratory cilia, water balance,

  18. Disease • Any disruption of homeostasis Examples: Emphysema, HIV, Heart Attack, Stroke, Diabetes, Hemophilia, Cancer, ulcers.

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