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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Applied Learning Outcomes. Use the terminology associated with the digestive system Learn about the following: Organization of the digestive system Structure of the digestive system organs Function of the digestive system organs The digestive process Waste production

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13

  2. Applied Learning Outcomes • Use the terminology associated with the digestive system • Learn about the following: • Organization of the digestive system • Structure of the digestive system organs • Function of the digestive system organs • The digestive process • Waste production • Understand the aging and pathology of the digestive system Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  3. Overview The digestive system is composed of the digestive tract and accessory digestive organs. The digestive tract is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, salivary glands, small and large intestines, and rectum. The digestive system carries out chemical and mechanical digestion. Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  4. Components of the Digestive Tract Mouth: Contains the salivary glands, teeth, tonsils, and tongue Pharynx: Connects mouth to the esophagus Esophagus: A muscular tube that leads to the stomach Stomach: A muscular sac that stores and digests food Small Intestine: Long, narrow tube that digests and absorbs food Large Intestine: Short, wide tube that absorbs water and electrolytes Rectum: End of the digestive tract; removes undigested materials Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  5. Glandular Structures The pancreas and liver are glandular organs. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood glucose levels. Bile production is the main function of the liver. Bile assists with fat digestion. Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  6. The Digestive Process • Chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the mouth • Peristalsis moves food through the digestive tract • The stomach uses enzymes and acids to digest proteins • Digestion of most food takes place in the proximal portions of the small intestine • The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes in its proximal components; feces are formed in the distal portions of the large intestine • The rectum forces feces out of the body through the anal sphincter Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  7. Wellness and Illness over the Life Span General abdominal pain is a common symptom of digestive tract disorders. Diseases of the digestive system have various origins, including psychological disorders, allergies, infections, genetic syndromes, and degenerative changes. Digestive system gland disorders include cirrhosis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. Aging of the digestive system affects the nutrient supply to other organ systems. Most digestive tract aging affects peristalsis. Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

  8. Summary The digestive system makes it possible for the body to break down the complex molecules of food into simple molecules needed for energy and raw materials to build cellular components. The blood then transports these nutrients throughout the body by absorbing the digested foods and passing them into the blood stream. Diseases and aging of the immune system decrease the digestive or absorptive capabilities of the digestive system. Chapter 13 – The Digestive System

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