Coach Lill’s

1. Coach Lill’s Study Guide for the Alabama High School Graduation Exam

2. What is Federalism? dividing power between state and national governments

3. Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? • Two Italian immigrants were accused of robbery and murder in Massachusetts • Their trial was an event that contributed to the anti-foreign feeling in the 1920s

4. What are the major results of the Columbian Exchange? The Columbian Exchange was an exchange of goods, ideas, and customs from Europe to the New World and vice versa The Europeans brought over horses and farm animals Europeans took new fruits and vegetables from the New World and cultivated them in Europe Europeans also brought their diseases to the Native Americans. These Native Americans had no immunity to these diseases, and they died by the millions when exposed to diseases such as smallpox and measles The more Europeans interacted with Native Americans, the more of the Native American societies destabilized due to disease and conquest by Europeans

5. Who are Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell? Muckrakers; Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle about meat processing plants and Ida Tarbell wrote History of Standard Oil Company

6. What is Plessy v. Ferguson? • Supreme Court decision in this case segregated facilities for blacks and whites • Segregation was legal

7. What was Auschwitz? • Holocaust concentration camp

8. Explain the significance of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution. • 13th: Abolished slavery throughout the United States • 14th: guaranteed citizenship rights to all people who born or naturalized in the United States, including people of color • 15th: guaranteed voting rights to all citizens regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

9. Explain the significance of the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th amendments to the Constitution. • 16th Amendment- Congress has the power to collect taxes on businesses and individuals • 17th Amendment- a state’s residents, not the state legislatures, elect senators • 18th Amendment- prohibited the making, selling, or transporting of alcoholic beverages • 19th Amendment- women receive the right to vote

10. What was the W.P.A.? • Works Progress Administration (WPA) (1935): to provide jobs for unskilled workers. At one time, the WPA employed 1/3 of the unemployed of the nation (3.2 million people). The WPA constructed many government buildings during the 1930s

11. What was the TVA? • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) (1933): The TVA built hydroelectric dams to bring electricity to new parts of the South, including northern Alabama, and to provide employment and cheap electricity.

12. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? • Thomas Jefferson

13. Who was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army? • George Washington

14. What is Birmingham known for? • Iron and Steel

15. What is Mobile known for? • Shipping

16. What was the Temperance Movement? • advocated total abstinence from alcohol

17. Who were the Rough Riders? • Theodore Roosevelt’s volunteer force that fought in Cuba during the Spanish American War

18. What is yellow journalism? • sensational writing with disregard for the truth

19. What was the Dust Bowl? • the blowing away of huge amounts of soil because of severe drought from the Plains states, causing farm failures occurred during the Depression

20. What were the causes of the Great Depression? • workers’ wages did not increase as fast as the price of goods • consumer spending decreased • the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929 • banks foreclosed as people withdrew their crash in panic • farmers produced more food than consumers needed, driving down prices • drought in the Midwest caused farms to dry up and erode

21. What crop was instrumental in the survival of Jamestown? • Tobacco

22. The West and mining

23. What was the significance of the Battle of Yorktown? • At Yorktown, Virginia, French naval and army forces under General LaFayette joined forces with General George Washington. Together, they forced the surrender of the British commander, General Cornwallis.

24. What was D-Day? • June 6, 1944, the Allies landed on the beaches of Normandy, France

25. What was Operation Overlord? • The plan for the invasion of German-occupied France

26. What was the Open Door Policy? • An agreement between the United States and European nations to keep China open for free trade

27. What is Imperialism? • the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

28. Alcohol sales- decided by local governments

29. What was the Underground Railroad? • a network of people who helped slaves escape to the North

30. Who was Harriet Tubman? • An instrumental figure in the success of the Underground Railroad leading slaves into freedom

31. What is Marbury v. Madison? • a landmark case in United States law and the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States, under Article Three of the United States Constitution

32. What is the Battle of Lexington? • The beginning of the U.S. Revolutionary War. Also known as “the shot heard around the world”

33. Who was Joseph Stalin? • Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II

34. Guchii- Japan

35. What was St. Augustine? • First Spanish colony in the New World

36. What are the three branches of the U.S. government? • Legislative, Executive, Judicial

37. What are checks and balances? • The system of checks and balances keeps one branch of the government from having too much power.

38. Who was Booker T. Washington? • founder of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; accepted segregation but pushed for equal economic opportunities for blacks

39. Who was W.E.B. DuBois? • black intellectual who opposed Booker T. Washington’s acceptance of segregation; a founder of the NAACP and editor of its magazine, The Crisis

40. What is social darwinism? • the idea that only the strongest people, businesses, or nations are meant to survive

41. Who was Archduke Francis Ferdinand? • Archduke of Austria-Hungary; his assassination was the beginning of World War I

42. What is Gone with the Wind? • A popular 1939 movie depicting a story of love and loss in the South ravaged by the Civil War

43. What is The Wizard of Oz?

44. What is Jazz Singer? • First motion picture to have people talking in it; a “talkie”

45. What were the Fireside Chats? • Franklin Roosevelt’s weekly radio address to the people of the United States

46. Who was Adolf Hitler? • dictator of Germany and leader of the Nazi Party who initiated a systematic conquest of Europe, leading to World War II

47. What is Pearl Harbor? • United States naval base in Hawaii which suffered a surprise attack by the Japanese on December 7, 1941; United States declared war on Japan and entered World War II

48. Who were the Tuskegee Airmen? • group of African American pilots who flew with distinction during World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group of the US Army Air Corps; first African American pilots in the US military

49. What was the Battle of Little Bighorn? • “Custer’s Last Stand”; an armed engagement between a Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Calvary of the United States Army. It occurred between June 25 and June 26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in the eastern Montana Territory. • The battle was the most famous action of the Indian Wars, and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne. A sizeable force of U.S. cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong was defeated;

50. What was the Battle of Saratoga? The Continental Army won a stunning victory against a larger British force at Saratoga, New York. Six thousand British troops surrendered to the Patriots. This battle greatly increased the morale of the colonists. In addition, the victory convinced the French king to provide naval and army support for the colonists. This aid proved crucial in winning the war.