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Is Agriculture Friend or Foe for the Environment?

Is Agriculture Friend or Foe for the Environment?. Ahmet oğuzhan çakır Alİ selİm DİRİKOÇ MERT SAĞDIÇ. Outline. Can We Feed the World? Land of Agriculture in World How We Starve? An Ecological Perspective on Agriculture. Can We Feed the World?. History of Agriculture

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Is Agriculture Friend or Foe for the Environment?

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  1. Is Agriculture Friend or Foe for the Environment? Ahmet oğuzhan çakır Alİ selİm DİRİKOÇ MERT SAĞDIÇ

  2. Outline • Can We Feed the World? • Land of Agriculture in World • How We Starve? • An Ecological Perspective on Agriculture

  3. Can We Feed the World? • History of Agriculture Animals,plants,food etc. Sustainable Nile Valley, Middle East, China • Toovercomeenvironmentallimitations • New solution= New environmental problem http://photo.elsoar.com/wp-content/images/Agriculture-Photo-1.jpg

  4. Land of Agriculture in World • Europe 22% • Australia 57% • United States 44% Enoughfortoday… • Whatifhumanpopulationincrease? http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/taylor.hp/Biology381/topic-03-Large.htm

  5. Food Production • Accordingtosomeagriculturalscientistsandcorporations… • GMCsProductionperunitarea http://cdn3.chartsbin.com/chartimages/l_578_838a080875c163be97c0776240f9ba35

  6. http://www.ediblegeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Agriculture-landuse-2000.jpghttp://www.ediblegeography.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Agriculture-landuse-2000.jpg

  7. How We Starve? • Undernourishment • Lack of sufficient calories • Dramatic, fast-acting • Malnourishment • Lack of chemical components • Long-term, insidious • The supply of the protein Echological, Environmental and Ethical… http://images.sodahead.com/polls/002120661/5132344595_starving_children_answer_1_xlarge.jpeg

  8. RecentFamines • World War II, At the end of the 20th century- 34 countries… • Fooddistribution problem • Poorpeople, • Expensivetransportation , • Foodaid/ shortterm Solution: LocalProduction! ‘’Give a man a fish and feed him for a day,teacha man how to fish and feed him for a life’’ http://www.konsensushaber.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Susuzluk.jpg

  9. *Daily Calories Per Capita *Percentage of PopulationUndernourished http://chartsbin.com/view/1150 http://chartsbin.com/view/6997

  10. WhatWeEatandGrow? • Half million plant/ 3.000 as agricultural crops • 150 species cultivated on a large scale • Foodprovides 14 cropspeciesas wheat,rice,maize, potatoes,sugarcane,soybean,barley… • Morethan 80% calories of consumedbyhumanbeings… http://www.dfz.bg/assets/6307/agriculture.jpg

  11. Distribution of WhatWeEat

  12. Small-grainwithlargeworldtrade.. United States, Canada, Australia.. • 2 million in 1996 2.2 Billion tons in 2005 • Full of capacity or stabilized demand?

  13. Aquaculture • Farming of food in aquatichabitats • Providenutritionalquality • Culturallyimportantinstances.. Yellowtailfrom Japan, crayfishfrom U.S. http://www.globalpartnershipforoceans.org/sites/default/files/images/Ghana_Aquaculture.gif

  14. Productive, due to flowing water • Mariculture (farming of ocean fish) • U.S, Canada; Shellfish http://www.environmental-watch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/shutterstock_88536259.jpg

  15. An EcologicalPerspective on Agriculture • Novelecologicalconditionsbecause of farming.. • Agroecosystems and 6 difference with natural ecosystems.. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/soil-the-foundation-of-agriculture-84224268

  16. Monoculture (large areas planted with single species) • Neat rows • Biological Diversity • Plowing • Genetic Modifications http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/agriculture-impact-climate-change-monoculture-farm-photo.jpg

  17. LimitingFactors • High quality agricultural soils… best of • Low-land rice needs heavy water-saturated soil • Watermelon – very salty soil • Limiting: tomake a soilmoreproductive • Liebig’s minimum law • 20 chemicalessentialelements • Macronutrients/ Micronutrient

  18. WereLiebigalwaysright? • Nitrogenandphosohorus in proteinsexample… • SynergisticEffect http://www.greencare-concept.nl/eng/pagina/141/prevention-through-nutrition.html)

  19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of monoculture? Advantages: It makes farming much more efficient, keeping down costs. Machines and procedures can be used totally systematically on a large scale. Disadvantages:It removes all of the diversity of the natural land and thereby eliminates the habitat of almost all of the other plants and animals . It makes the entire crop vulnerable to diseases or environmental changes.

  20. ORGANIC FARMINGALİ SELİM DİRİKOÇ 16936

  21. ORGANIC FARMING Organic farming is typically considered to three qualities; • It is more like natural ecosystems than monocultures. • It minimizes negative environmental impacts. • The food that results from it doesn’t contain artificial compounds.

  22. ORGANIC FARMING IFOAM’s Definition: “Organic agriculture is a production system which maintains sustainability of ecosystem,lands and human health. The purpose of organic farming is to combine innovation,tradition and science to benefit our common environment and to maintain a good life with all people in fair relations.” http://www.qways.gr/en/images/new.qways.gr/800px-ifoam_logo.svg.png

  23. ORGANIC FARMING Certified and Exempt Organic Farms in USA Organic Food Sales in US http://iowaindependent.com/27755/iowa-9th-in-nation-for-organic-farms-low-on-direct-consumer-outlets#sthash.cL1OX9FX.dpuf

  24. ALTERNATIVES TO MONOCULTURE Tractors in potato Field

  25. ALTERNATIVES TO MONOCULTURE • Combination of crops • Broad range of genotypes http://www.frutasberi.com/images/cultivos/bg_top_en.jpg

  26. QUESTION GIVE AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO MONOCULTURE AND EXPLAIN THIS METHOD.

  27. ANSWER It depends on the maintenance of a productive agriculture that sustains yields and provides the use of local resources while trying to block harmful environmental and socio-economic impacts of new technologies

  28. A BELIEF ON FOOD CHAIN http://www.field-studies-council.org/urbaneco/images/011-food-chain.jpg

  29. A BELIEF ON FOOD CHAIN Domestic animals are used for human transportation http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-0pT6Xnnxcfw/T4_R7-b5SUI/AAAAAAAAeUU/ysbtyhsbwT4/s1600/Beyaz_renkte_at_arabas.jpg

  30. Genetically Modified Food: Biotechnology, Farming and Environment http://www.healthyalterego.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/gmO-tomato.jpg

  31. Genetically Modified Food: Biotechnology, Farming and Environment Increase of GMC according to years http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090218/full/457949a.html

  32. CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE

  33. CLIMATE CHANGED AND AGRICULTURE Percentage Changes in Yields Due to Environmental Factors From Present to 2050 http://rootsforgrowth.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/31.png

  34. How Agriculture Changes the Environment . Soil erosion . Sediment transport and deposition downstream . On-site pollution from overuse and secondary effects of fertilizers and pesticides . Off-site pollution of other ecosystems (soil,water,air) . Deforestation . Desertification . Degradation of aquifers . Salinization . Accumulation of toxic metals .Accumulation of toxic organic compounds . Loss of biodiversity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALp3y9b0Aeo

  35. The Plow Puzzle http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Plowing_ecomat.jpg

  36. Erosion Erosion is the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by exogenic processes such as wind or water flow, and then transportedand depositedin other locations. http://earthwatchunlocked.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/matt-andersen-drought-and-erosion-takes-it-toll-on-grazing-land.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion

  37. QUESTİON :How can we make the soils more sustainable? http://en.hdyo.org/assets/ask-question-2-ce96e3e01c85a38a0d39c61cfae6d42c.jpg

  38. Making Soils Sustainable . Contour Plowing http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/99/65699-004-7FCC0E1C.jpg

  39. Contour plowingor contour farming is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy water run-off; which is a major cause of top soil loss and soil erosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_plowing

  40. . No-till Agriculture http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/nvswcd/images/notill2.jpg

  41. No-till farming (also called zero tillage or direct drilling) is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soilthrough tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil. In many agricultural regions it can eliminate soil erosion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-till_farming

  42. Pesticides http://www.google.com.tr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=hIth9DGmnDpJ4M&tbnid=fmtEo3jL9sS1xM:&ved=0CAIQjBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Farch1design.com%2Fblog%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F10%2Fpesticides1.jpg&ei=OXlzU9CyIemp7AafjoF4&bvm=bv.66699033,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNEjtOw3nd9G3qDyxq1F2aN3WKqjlA&ust=1400162998175164

  43. Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, destroying, or mitigating any pest.They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, plants, diseases or insects. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide

  44. Grazing on Rangelands http://ucanr.edu/blogs/anrnews/blogfiles/3651.jpg

  45. Grazing is the removal of live tissue from a living plant.Grazing differs from true predationbecause the organism being eaten from is not generally killed, and it differs from parasitism as the two organisms do not live together, nor is the grazer necessarily so limited in what it can eat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grazing

  46. Desertification http://www.davidsuzuki.org/blogs/science-matters/assets_c/2013/04/desert2-thumb-480xauto-4312.jpg

  47. Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dryland region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and human activities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification

  48. The Effect of Farming on the Biosphere . Changes land cover . Increase in carbondioxide . Species diversity . Fire http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/1024px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg

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