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Chapter 16 Social Behavior

Chapter 16 Social Behavior. Person Perception: Forming Impressions of Others. Effects of physical appearance Pretty people have it easy Sociable, friendly, poised, warm & well adjusted Cognitive schemas What does a thug look like? What do you wear to a picnic? The Priming Effect

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Chapter 16 Social Behavior

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  1. Chapter 16 Social Behavior

  2. Person Perception:Forming Impressions of Others • Effects of physical appearance • Pretty people have it easy • Sociable, friendly, poised, warm & well adjusted • Cognitive schemas • What does a thug look like? What do you wear to a picnic? • The Priming Effect • Stereotypes • Prejudice (attitude) and discrimination (action) • Subjectivity in person perception • Illusory correlations (Librarian v. Waitress) • Spotlight effect • Evolutionary perspectives • In group v. out group

  3. Figure 16.1 Examples of social schemas

  4. Attribution Processes: Explaining Behavior • Attributions • Internal vs. External • Covariation Model of Attribution • Biases in attributions • Fundamental attribution error • Assuming there must be an internal cause for others, but not for ourselves. • Defensive attribution • She was mugged because she’s weak • Self-serving bias • I won because I’m awesome…duh? • Cultural influences

  5. Close Relationships: Liking and Loving • Key factors in attraction • Physical attractiveness • More important for females (r=.76) than males (r=.47) when measuring romantic popularity & attractiveness • Matching hypothesis • Most likely to be with someone who is as attractive as you are • Similarity • Increases attraction for both romantic relationships and friendships • Attitude alignment • Reciprocity • Romantic Ideals

  6. Close Relationships: Liking and Loving • Perspectives on love • Hatfield & Berscheid – Passionate vs. Companionate love • Sternberg - Intimacy and commitment • Hazen & Shaver – Love as attachment • Evolutionary perspectives • Mating priorities

  7. Figure 16.7 Infant attachment and romantic relationships

  8. Attitudes and Attitude Change • 3 components • cognitive, affective, and behavioral • Factors in changing attitudes • source, message, and receiver • Theories of attitude change • Learning theory • Dissonance theory • Self-perception theory • Elaboration likelihood model

  9. Figure 16.9 The possible components of attitudes

  10. Figure 16.10 Overview of the persuasion process

  11. Figure 16.12 Design of the Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) study

  12. Figure 16.13 Bem’s self-perception theory

  13. Yielding to Others: Conformity • Conformity – Solomon Asch (1950s) • Classic experiment • Group size • Group unanimity

  14. Yielding to Others: Obedience • Obedience – Stanley Milgram (1960s) • Controversial landmark experiment • “I was just following orders” • presence of a dissenter

  15. Behavior in Groups:The Influence of Other People • The bystander effect - Darley and Latane (1968) • Diffusion of responsibility • Group productivity and social loafing • Decision making in groups • Polarization • Groupthink

  16. Figure 16.18 The effect of loss of coordination and social loafing on group productivity

  17. Figure 16.21 The three potential components of prejudice as an attitude

  18. Figure 16.22 Relationship between prejudice and discrimination

  19. Figure 16.23 Bias in the attributions used to explain success and failure by men and women

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