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METAR/TAF YOUR “NEW” AVIATION WEATHER FORMAT

METAR/TAF YOUR “NEW” AVIATION WEATHER FORMAT. NEW METAR/TAF CODES BECOME EFFECTIVE Beginning Oct 1996 MILITARY BASES CURRENTLY USING SIMILAR FORMAT. What is. METAR/TAF?. METAR AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORTS TAF AERODROME FORECASTS. METAR/TAF. SIGNIFICANT CODE CHANGES FOR METAR

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METAR/TAF YOUR “NEW” AVIATION WEATHER FORMAT

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  1. METAR/TAF YOUR “NEW” AVIATION WEATHER FORMAT

  2. NEW METAR/TAF CODES BECOME EFFECTIVE Beginning Oct 1996 • MILITARY BASES CURRENTLY USING SIMILAR FORMAT

  3. What is METAR/TAF?

  4. METAR AVIATION ROUTINE WEATHER REPORTS • TAF AERODROME FORECASTS

  5. METAR/TAF • SIGNIFICANT CODE CHANGES FOR METAR • ELEMENTS PRESENTED IN A DIFFERENT ORDER

  6. To help remember the sequence, think of 3W’s at the beginning... Where, When, and Wind KPIT201955Z22015G25KT This works for METAR as well as TAF!

  7. The body of METAR WIND / VISIBILITY / WEATHER / SKY CONDITION

  8. Current U.S. SA PIT SA 1955 E10 OVC 3 /4TRW 64/60/2215G25/992/ R28RVR2600 METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 1996 U.S. METAR

  9. METAR/TAF • Visibility - Annotated by Statute Miles • Weather Phenomena -SHSN +SHRA • Present 2 Letter Weather Code Dropped • Cloud Types Identified only if CB or TCU • V V - Replaces Indefinite Ceiling • V V001 Same as Old W1X0F • V V/// Means Indefinite Ceiling, Height not Known.

  10. METAR/TAF • ALL TEMPERATURES AND DEWPOINTS WILL BE IN CELSIUS • ALL TEMPERATURES IN 2 DIGITS • BELOW ZERO TEMPS INDICATED BY “M” EXAMPLE: 02/M03 • ALTIMETER ANNOTATED BY “A” EXAMPLE: A2992

  11. METAR/TAF PIT SA 1955 M10 OVC 3/4TRW 132/59/52/2215G25/992/ R28RRVR2600 Current SAO

  12. METAR/TAF METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992

  13. METAR/TAF OK, LET’S TEST FLY METAR !

  14. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Routine Hourly Observation

  15. METAR/TAF • SPECI KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Special or Record Special Report

  16. METAR/TAR • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Reporting Point Using Four Letters - Domestic U.S. Begins With “K”

  17. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Observation taken on 20thday of month, at 1955 UTC (Zulu) Time always in 4 digits

  18. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Surface winds from 220 degrees at 15 Knots Gusting to 25 Knots

  19. METAR/TAF • Calm winds indicated by: 00000KT • 22015KT 180V260 - When wind direction varies 60 degrees or more and wind is greater than 6 Knots • VRB - When wind direction is variable and speed less than or equal to 6 knots • RMK - Peak wind data reported in remarks section when max. instantaneous speed is greater than 25 knots - 22030/15

  20. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT 3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Visibility is 3/4 STATUTE MILES - Note annotation of “SM” Miles and fractions are also reported (e.g.., 2 3/4SM for 2 and 3/4 miles vis.)

  21. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: For Runway 28 Right, The RVR is Reported as 2600 Feet

  22. METAR/TAF • More visibility codes you may see: • “M” - Indicates RVR is less than lowest reportable sensor value (M600FT) • “P” - Indicates RVR is greater than reportable sensor value (P6000FT) • “V” - Indicates RVR is variable (R06L/2000V4000FT) - Runway 6L RVR is variable between 2000 feet and 4000 feet

  23. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Thunderstorms and Rainshowers of Moderate Intensity at the time of observation [ “-” indicates light, “+” indicates heavy ]

  24. METAR/TAF • Significant Weather Codes: • Format is a two letter character descriptor : (TS, SH, FZ, etc...) • Followed by a two character weather phenomenon ( RA, SN, FG, etc...) • All codes in the abbreviation section of METAR/TAF Booklet

  25. METAR/TAF • Cloud height is reported in hundreds of feet. • When clouds are towering cumulus or cumulonimbus, TCU or CB will follow cloud heights.

  26. METAR/TAF • Clouds are categorized based on eights (octas) of sky cover. SKC - SKY CLEAR • FEW - 1-2 OCTAS • SCT - 3-4 OCTAS • BKN - 5-7 OCTAS • OVC - 8 OCTAS

  27. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Overcast Cloud Deck at 1000 Feet with Cumulonimbus Clouds

  28. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Temperature is 18 Celsius, Dew Point is 16 • Below Zero Reported With Minus as “M06”

  29. METAR/TAF • METAR KPIT 201955Z 22015G25KT3/4SM R28R/2600FT TSRA OVC010CB 18/16 A2992 Explanation: Altimeter Setting - Now Four Digits - In U.S. “A” Indicates Inches of Mercury. “Q” is Metric (HectoPascals) Not used in U.S.

  30. METAR/TAF • TAF’s Exclude Temperature, Turbulence and Icing Forecast • TAF AMD - Amended Forecast • NSW - No Significant Weather • SKC - Clear Skies • VC - Vicinity, but not at Aerodome; in U.S. (5-10 Statute Miles from Center of Runway Complex)..

  31. METAR/TAF • OKAY, LETS TRY A SHORT QUIZ ON METAR !

  32. METAR/TAF METAR KATL 101050Z 00000KT 15SM SKC 26/18 A3021 • Easy, Right ?

  33. Current U.S. SA DTW SA 1050 5 SCT 10 SCT E18 BKN 25 OVC 7/8SW 10/03/3115G27/937 METAR EGLL 151050Z 31015G27KT 280V350 1400SW 6000N R24LP1500 +SHRA SCT005 SCT010CB BKN018 OVC025 10/03 Q0995 1996 INTERNATIONAL METAR

  34. METAR ASOS/AWOS METAR KOWA 251955Z AUTO 31008 10SM FEW015 SCT025 05/M05 A2992 RMK AO2 SLP013 T00471054

  35. METAR/TAF • TAF’s are scheduled for issuance four times daily at 00Z, 06Z, 12Z, and 18Z. • TAF, contains a definitive forecast for specific time periods and will replace the Terminal Forecast

  36. Current U.S. FT PIT 091818 C20 BKN 3RW. 20Z C15 OVC 3RW OCNL C8 OVC 1/2 TRW. 23Z C20 BKN 40 OVC 5RW CHC 1RF. 10Z C20 OVC 5R-.13Z CLR...

  37. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC

  38. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC THE SECRET: Break it down by time frames!

  39. METAR/TAF HOW TO IDENTIFY THE TIME FRAMES: FM2000 - FroM and 4-digit group, hour and minute : indicates significant change. PROB40 2022- PROBability of condition during 2-digit beginning and 2-digit ending time..

  40. METAR/TAF HOW TO IDENTIFY THE TIME FRAMES: TEMPO 0407 - TEMPOrary, changes expected for less than 1 hour at a time. BECMG 1315 - BECoMinG, changes expected during 2-digit beginning and 2-digit ending time period...

  41. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 • Explanation: Pittsburgh, PA, Terminal Forecast Issued on the 9th at 17:20Z and Valid from the 9th starting at 18:00Z until the 10th at 18:00Z

  42. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC

  43. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC

  44. METAR/TAF 1818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 • Explanation: From the Beginning of the Forecast period (18:00Z) Until the Next Time Frame, the Forecast Winds 220 Degrees at 20Knots, Visibility 3 Statue Miles, in Light Rain Showers with a Broken Ceiling of 2000 Feet

  45. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC

  46. METAR/TAF FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. • Explanation: The First Part, From 2000Z, Forecast Winds From 300 Degrees at 15 Knots Gusting to 25 Knots, Visibility 3 Statue Miles in Moderate Rain Showers, With an Overcast Ceiling at 1500 Feet.

  47. METAR/TAF FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. • Explanation: The Second Part, Between, 20Z and 22Z, Forecasts a Probability of the Visibility Going Down to 1/2 Statue Mile in Thunder Storms and Moderate Rain Showers With the Ceiling Lowering to 800 Feet with Cumulonimbus Clouds.

  48. METAR/TAF TAF KPIT 091720Z 091818 22020KT 3SM -SHRA BKN020 FM2000 30015G25KT 3SM SHRA OVC015 PROB40 2022 1/2SM TSRA OVC008CB.. FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. FM1000 22010KT 5SM -SHRA OVC020.. BECMG 1315 20010KT P6SM NSW SKC

  49. METAR/TAF FM2300 27008KT 5SM -SHRA BKN020 OVC040 TEMPO 0407 00000KT 1SM -RA FG.. • Remember Time Frames? There are two Within This Example.

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