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Cassava Breeding Community of Practice in Africa for Accelerated Production and Dissemination of Farmer-Preferred Cassava Varieties Resistant to Pests and Diseases. ARI. Cassava. Cassava is a strategic food security crop Important staple for millions in Africa

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ARI

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  1. Cassava Breeding Community of Practice in Africa for Accelerated Production and Dissemination of Farmer-Preferred Cassava Varieties Resistant to Pests and Diseases ARI

  2. Cassava • Cassava is a strategic food security crop • Important staple for millions in Africa • Grown mainly by the poor resource famers • Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda are key producers in Africa

  3. Low seed set Long breeding cycle High genetic load Heterozygosity Confounding effects of dominance on selection of progenitors Limited financial resources Bottlenecks of Cassava Breeding

  4. Rationale • There is an urgent need for improved varieties to stop the rapid spread of pest and diseases, especially the cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and the cassava mosaic disease (CMD). • National Agricultural Research Systems (NARs) are best suited to breed cassava for local needs • NARs in the past limited their activities mainly to testing and selection of improved germplasm, but more recently NARs breeders have began formal cassava breeding.

  5. Capacity components required for plant breeding programs Fred Bliss 2010

  6. The CoP • Ghana • Nigeria • Tanzania • Uganda • CIAT • IITA • More countries to be included in 2011

  7. A group of people who share a concern or passion for something they do and how to do it better as they interact regularly. • They have a commitment to a common interest and engage in joint activities They therefore interact and learn together and in the process build a strong relationship. • It is a specialized compact network. It is intended as interactive forums for collaboration among scientists from different countries.

  8. Cassava Brown Streak Disease Cassava Mosiac disease Leaves: chlorosis – bottom leaves Roots: dry necrotic rot – most damaging Stems: brown streaks

  9. Objectives • Stimulate breeder-to-breeder training germplasmresource exchange, and web-based information to achieve breeding goals • Facilitate the integration of MAS with field-based breeding • Strengthen the capacity of National program breeders through training programs • Build linkages with primary, secondary, and tertiary users

  10. Priority Initiatives • Access to improved germplasm and development • MAS for CMD resistance • Improvement for combined resistance to CMD and CBSD • Gene discovery for CBSD and CMD

  11. Screening for CMD2 in African elite lines

  12. Marker-aided germplasm transfer from CIAT to Africa • Over 300 CIAT MAS developed genotypes introduced to Africa • Back cross populations of PPD delivered to African NARs (with MAS for CMD) • Backcross populations of beta carotene and protein to NARs (with MAS for CMD) • F1 populations of drought tolerant materials (as in vitro and seeds)

  13. Germplasm Introduction

  14. Novel traits introgressed from wild relatives Based on ABC involving MAS for CMD resistance

  15. BSA scheme for gene discovery for CMD

  16. TMS 97/2205 with good CMD resistance across agro-ecologies TMS97/2205 x NR 8083

  17. Response profile of CMD2 genotypes

  18. MAS Scheme to Improve Cassava Germplasm Local varieties (selected by farmers) Improved introductions Crossing block Polycrossdesign (MAS) Seedling trial Field trials Combining ability studies Farmer participatory trial

  19. CBSD x CMD crosses (Tanzania)

  20. Pre-selected CBSD and CMD resistant lines in Tanzania

  21. QTL mapping • A total of10 putative QTL were identified for protein. • QTL found accounted for PVD ranges between 15% and 25% for protein content. • All the QTL showed additive gene action with values ranging between 3.21 and 6.20 (Fig. 15).

  22. Diversity Esuma, 2011

  23. Analysis based on 48 SNPs Melissa - FABI

  24. Development of populations • Crosses • F1 populations of elite genotypes • Introgression of introduced germplasm into local adapted varieties and landraces • Selfed populations – inbreeding (partial inbred lines).

  25. MAS-based activities for CMD resistance breeding Homozogygosity at CMD Loci Pyramiding of CMD2 and CMD3 genes

  26. Ugandan Breeder, Anthony Pariyo in Office at A.R.I, Naliendeli, Mtwara discussing the breeding schemes with the Tanzanian team Breeder to breeder visit Elizabeth Parkes in Nigeria; taking notes on field layout/design for crossing blocks Tanzanian Breeder, BernadethaKimata discussing CBSD symptom expression in the field at NaCRRI, Namulonge, Uganda.

  27. Product delivery Ghana • Markers for CMD2 available in NARS • Advanced populations development • Capacity building in MAB (workshop/training) • Sharing of GCP project developed elite materials with stake holders (e.g. Songhai center, Benin Republic) • Channels • Farmer participatory breeding • Linked projects • Multi-locational testing with partner institutes • Networks Tanzania

  28. Variety release:MASdevelop Latin American genotype

  29. Web based data base for CoP • http://www.cassavacop.org/cbcopa/ Molecular breeding community of practice to validate, refine, and apply new technologies in African NARs

  30. Workshops and Training Third workshop in Ghana 2010 Participants at the third CoP workshop 2010 in Ghana. Linking with New Genotyping Platforms and Marker system : Demonstration of the IlluminaBeadXpress at the SNP workshop

  31. MAS Labs in NARS Ghana- Uganda Nigeria

  32. New generation of cassava breeders Country - Uganda Nigeria Ghana GhanaGhana Tanzania Name - Mr. Esuma Dr. Olasanmi Mr. Peprah Ms. Prempeh Mr. Danquah Ms. Kimata Degree - M.Sc. Ph.D. M. Phil Ph.D. Ph.D. M.Sc. Status On-going Completed On-going On-going On-going Ongoing

  33. Cassava CI Project 5: Cassava Breeding Community of Practice (CoP)

  34. Partial Inbred line development Genotyping of S1 populations- 2011 • Five populations • Selection for reduced heterozygousity Development of new selfed populations - 2011 • S2 populations • S3 populations (two populations)

  35. Gene pool development

  36. Inbred line development (six families)

  37. selection index for 2009 – 2011 for Latin America germplasm Local check Potentials

  38. Conclusion • Research capability of NARs strengthened research capability in modern breeding incorporating markers in cassava improvement • CMD resistant variety released in Nigeria • Genotypes combining CBSD and CMD resistance developed in Tanzania • Web-database created • Genetic stock fixed for CMD2 and CGM alleles developed • Genetic diversity of breeding lines analyzed • Genetic mapping for early bulking and high protein conducted • Breeding populations for key traits developed • Introgression of novel traits into CMD resistance genetic background achieved. • Training of new generation of breeders accomplished • Introduction of valuable germplasm into Africa

  39. Acknowledgement • Y. Baguma • A. Pariyo • B. Kimata • C. Sichalwe • C. Egesi • E. Parkes • B. Peprah • G. Mkamilo • J. Onyeka • M. Fregene • S. Rounsley • E. Lotsu • M.D. Quain • P. Rabinowicz • Z. Myburg • P. Kulakow • H. Murtah • X. Delannay • NdeyeNdackDiop • K. Ogundapo • F. Ewa • B. Olasanmi • E. Okogbenin • H. Gomez • C. de Vicente • M. Gedil • A. Dixon • H. Kulembeka • A. Mbanaso • R. Thompson • P. Boateng • O. Akinbo • M. Reynolds • A. Okono • N.C. Ezebuiro • Larry Butler

  40. Thank You for Your Attention

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