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Chapter 33

Chapter 33. The Nature and Propagation of Light. Reflection and Refraction. Reflection. Reflection. We will focus on specular reflection. The Law of Reflection. All angles are measured with respect to the normal. normal. Multiple reflections. The image. Where is the image?.

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Chapter 33

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  1. Chapter 33 The Nature and Propagation of Light

  2. Reflection and Refraction

  3. Reflection

  4. Reflection We will focus on specular reflection

  5. The Law of Reflection All angles are measured with respect to the normal. normal

  6. Multiple reflections

  7. The image

  8. Where is the image? Trace at least two light rays. The image is at where the rays meet. Bring a protractor to class and quizzes and exams.

  9. Where is the image? Trace at least two light rays. The image is at where the rays meet.

  10. Finding the image

  11. Image with multiple reflections

  12. Snell’s Law of Refraction

  13. Refractive Index

  14. Useful facts

  15. Reflection and refraction

  16. Be careful with the normal

  17. More on refractive index

  18. Find the refractive index and the speed of light in the liquid

  19. Solution

  20. Different colors different speed

  21. Dispersion

  22. What happened to my ruler?

  23. Explanation

  24. Optical Illusion

  25. The image

  26. How to catch a bug

  27. Find θair for the following cases: nwater= 1.33

  28. Solution Total internal reflection

  29. Total Internal Reflection

  30. A slightly more accurate picture

  31. Total internal reflection (TIR) Total internal reflection occurs when θincident > θc. It is when all the refracted light disappear and all the light got reflected back.

  32. The critical angle, θc θc is the angle of incidence θincidencewhen θrefraction = 90o

  33. Wrong Answers! • Define critical angle: • Critical angle is when TIR happens. (Is what???) • Critical angle is the angle of incidence when TIR happens. (TIR happens for many values of θincidence) • Critical angle is the angle when TIR begins. (Which angle???) • Define TIR: • TIR is when the the angle of incidence = critical angle. (What about θincidence>θc?) • TIR is when the the angle of incidence > critical angle. (Circular logic)

  34. Find the critical angle for diamond in air

  35. Shiny diamonds and total internal reflection

  36. Cubic Zirconium Refractive index: 2.15 to 2.18 (diamond: 2.42) Hardness: 8.5 to 9 (diamond: 10) Ingredients: zirconium oxide, magnesium, calcium (diamond: carbon)

  37. Applications of TIR Fiberoptics

  38. Total internal reflection

  39. Polarization

  40. Polarizing Filters Electrons on long polymers (long molecules) that moves only in one direction, hence absorbing energy of the E field in that direction, but let the other direction through.

  41. Intensity Rules for Polarizer Make sure you know whether the light is polarized or unpolarized!

  42. Polarized light through filter

  43. Example with two filters

  44. Example

  45. Polarization by Reflection At the Brewster angle (or polarizing angle) θp, the reflected beam becomes polarized.

  46. Brewster’s Angle Complete polarization by reflection occurs when the reflected beam is perpendicular to the refracted beam.

  47. Brewster’s Angle Pictures taken with polarizers at different angles. The picture on the right has the reflected light removed by the polarizer to minimize reflection.

  48. Polarization by Scattering

  49. Circular and Elliptical Polarization

  50. Circular Polarization

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