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East Asia – define realm A. China Proper- most populous (over 1.3 billion) One of oldest continuous civilzations (4,00

East Asia – define realm A. China Proper- most populous (over 1.3 billion) One of oldest continuous civilzations (4,000 yrs old) Slightly smaller than US B. Tibet (Xizang)- Autonomous region, Buddhist, occupied since 1950s C. Mongolia - buffer state w/USSR

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East Asia – define realm A. China Proper- most populous (over 1.3 billion) One of oldest continuous civilzations (4,00

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  1. East Asia – define realm • A. China Proper- most populous (over 1.3 billion) • One of oldest continuous civilzations (4,000 yrs old) • Slightly smaller than US • B. Tibet (Xizang)- Autonomous region, Buddhist, occupied since 1950s • C. Mongolia - buffer state w/USSR • D. Jakota Triangle- (Japan, Korea, Taiwan)

  2. Evolution of culture Culture hearth-Huang He valley (purple on map) Between 1766 BC and 1912 AD- 15 major dynasties highlights for some dynasties on next couple of slides

  3. Song dynasty (960-1279)- dominated by Mongols Genghis Khan - Temuchin

  4. Qin or Ch’in (221-207 BC) • – China became single state and culture • Central government • Unified system for writing, weights, measures, currency • writing - ideographic, 50,000+ characters • -Completed Great Wall to separate pastoral nomads in north from sedentary • agriculturalists in south

  5. Han (206 BC- 220 AD) – “First truly large-scale empire in E Asia” • Established Great Silk Road- indirect connection between Chinese and Roman empires • goods into China - gold, ivory, gems, glass • goods out of China - ceramic, bronze, lacquer, iron, fur • By 10th century – China was world's most developed region • wealthiest economy, largest cities, highest living standards • metallurgy (iron), paper, printing, paper currency, gunpowder, advanced shipbuilding

  6. China and European contact • Early – • Macao- 1st European trading port on Chinese coast - by Port in 1557 • 18th cent – Chinese govt restricted foreign trade contact to Guangzhou (Canton) • European goods and culture seen as inferior • Opium Wars (1839-60) • British bought tea, silk, porcelain – paid Chinese in silver and some Indian cotton • Drained Brit silver reserves, create deficit so British sold Indian opium • to Chinese for silver • By end 19th cent almost 10% Chinese pop addicted, also losing silver • China govt confiscated opium from ships in Guangzhou, British declared war. • First Opium War (1839-42)- Brit won • Peace treaty- China had to grant leases and concession to foreigners • Hong Kong ceded to Brit in 1842 • C. Treaty Ports - China forced to open coastal ports to Westerners • Extraterritoriality- Europeans immune from jurisdiction of country in which present. • China- best residential suburbs of large cities claimed as extraterritorial zones for • foreigners, made inaccessible to Chinese.

  7. Treaty Ports -

  8. Anti-Foreign Sentiment • Resentment - response to loss of sovereignty • Boxer Rebellion 1900 - kill foreigners & sympathizers • Foreign military force defeated Boxers (US, British Marines) Deaths: 30,000 Chinese Roman Catholics 2000 Chinese Protestants 35 Protestant missionaries, 53 children 47 Roman Catholic priests & nuns Swedish missionaries escaping by caravan during Boxer Rebellion

  9. B. Rise of nationalism 1911 Chinese govt collapsed, rise of nationalistic movements in treaty ports. 1. Sun Yat-sen - Nationalist Party called Guomindang Sun died, replaced by Chiang Kai-shek 2. 1921 Chinese Communist Party founded, also nationalist. Leader Mao Zedong- support fr USSR. Unite w/Nationalist for awhile, Civil war between Communists and Nationalists in 1930s, resumed after WWII- Communists won, Nationalists fled to Taiwan

  10. CHINA DEMOGRAPHICS • Distribution • uneven distribution - 94% live in humid eastern part of country (10% of land) • Most on alluvial valleys of lower Huang He, Chang Jiang • B. Pop growth- over 1.3 billion people • Mid 1600s- 20 million, mid-1700s- near 200 million • Growth in times of peace, farming improvements, efficient transport of food • Under communism - growth high in first 2 decades. • Mao saying - “Every stomach comes with two hands attached” • C. Efforts to reduce growth • 1st policies- 1970-1978- cut fertility rate in half (5.8% to 2.6%) • Encouraged people to marry later, wait longer between births • More widespread distribution of contraception • 2 child suggestion, voluntary • 1979 stricter policy- reduce not just growth but actual population size • Mandatory 1 child policy. Economic rewards, penalties • Minority groups exempted. Some other exemptions- disabled 1st child, 1st child female • Not as strictly enforced in rural areas. • Growth rate – now .7% (compare to Western Europe) • Unintended consequences - • ratio of 118 males to 100 females (natural 105 males:100 females)

  11. Tokyo 1923 Kobe 1995 • EAST ASIA – Part II • JAPAN • I. Intro • Physical – A. topography • B. Plate tectonics •   70 year cycle of earthquakes- 1633, 1703, 1782, 1853, 1923 • 1923- killed 140,000- firestorm, tsunami

  12. Cultural development • A. Earliest inhabitants – Ainu (Caucasian) • Now in isolated villages in northern islands • B. Influence of China • Chinese written characters, spoken form is different • Confucian values, Buddhism, • architecture, art, music

  13. Modern racial issues • Minorities – foreigners, social minorities (burakumin)

  14. Demographics • Growth rates • Settlement patterns • Urbanization • Tokaido Megalopolis • Kanto Plain • Tokyo (finance, service) • Yokohama (port) • Kawasaki (heavy industry)

  15. Resources and land use • Agriculture • Mineral resources

  16. VI. Economic development • A. Isolationism • 16th cent - European colonists, missionaries • end 16th - emperor close country to foreigners/trade • 2. Meiji restoration1868 • Commodore Perry (American) in 1853 • begin to modernize, industrialize • 3. Shift from agriculture/fishing to heavy industry • expansion – Taiwan 1895, Korea 1911, SE Asia by early 40s • China 1895, Russia 1905. • Post-WWII rebuilding • Hiroshima • 5. Post 1990s decline

  17. KOREA • I. Political history • A. Japan • Division – DMZ • C. US military • Economic development • South – Asian Tiger • North – communism • Kim Jon-Il

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