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The MICE Experiment

The MICE Experiment. CHIPP Neutrino Workshop, Bern, Octobre 2006. Jean-Sebastien Graulich, Univ. Genève. Introduction MICE Concept MICE Design and Construction Univ. of Geneva in MICE Conclusion. Ionisation Cooling. M uon I onisation C ooling E xperiment

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The MICE Experiment

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  1. The MICE Experiment CHIPP Neutrino Workshop, Bern, Octobre 2006 Jean-Sebastien Graulich, Univ. Genève • Introduction • MICE Concept • MICE Design and Construction • Univ. of Geneva in MICE • Conclusion Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  2. Ionisation Cooling • Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment • What is Ionisation Cooling ? • Cooling = Reduction of Beam Emittance • Energy Loss + Reacceleration = Reduction of pT /pL • Limited by Multiple Scattering • Works better with light materiel (low Z) • Works only for low energy muons • No Energy Loss by Radiation • No Hadronic Interaction ! Oversimplification ! Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  3. Why MICE ? • Standard Cooling methods don’t work for muons • Stochastic and electron cooling are too slow • Muon Ionisation Cooling has never be tested • No doubt on the principle but technical challenges • Large RF Cavities in Strong Magnetic Field • Liquid Hydrogen (Energy) Absorbers • Major source of uncertainty on the cost and complexity of a Super Muon Storage Ring • If no prototype is built, the Super Muon Storage Ring will remain a wishful dream forever… A factor 10 in intensity and 20% of the cost… Who cares ? Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  4. Why a Muon Storage Ring • Because it is the backbone of both • Muon Collider • Neutrino Factory • There is a growing interest for n Factory in Europe • CERN Strategy Statement n°4: “In order to be in the position to push the energy and luminosity frontier even further it is vital to strengthen the advanced accelerator R&D programme; a coordinated programme should be intensified, to develop the CLIC technology and high performance magnets for future accelerators, and to play a significant role in the study and development of a high-intensity neutrino facility.” • CERN Strategy Statement n°6: “Studies of the scientific case for future neutrino facilities and the R&D into associated technologies are required to be in a position to define the optimal neutrino programme based on the information available in around 2012; Council will play an active role in promoting a coordinated European participation in a global neutrino programme.” • CCLRC (UK): John Wood called for the International Scoping Study on neutrino factory and beta beams in 2005. Final report under preparation • PPARC (UK): “The Neutrino Factory is unique among future facilities for particle physics in that it could be hosted in the UK. CCLRC and PPARC recognise the excellence of the science and strongly support the R&D programme required to establish the full conceptual design for the Neutrino Factory. A cornerstone of this programme is MICE” Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  5. MICE collaboration • Goal: Demonstrate that it is possible to design, engineer and run a section of cooling channel capable of giving the desired performances for a neutrino factory • Collaboration Started in 2001 • 38 institutions, 8 countries, ~140 collaborators • Main participants • RAL + UK collaboration • FNAL + US Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration • KEK, Osaka • INFN Milano, Roma III • DPNC, Geneva • MICE is approved at RAL (Oct 03) • UK funding released on March 05 • MICE is a Recognised Experiment at CERN (RE11) Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  6. Coupling Coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 1 Matching coils 1&2 Matching coils 1&2 Spectrometer solenoid 2 Focus coils 1 Focus coils 3 Focus coils 2 Beam PID TOF 0 Cherenkov TOF 1 RF cavities 1 RF cavities 2 Downstream particle ID: TOF 2 Calorimeter Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3 Trackers 1 & 2 measurement of emittance in and out MICE Conceptual design • Beam Diagnostic using particle per particle tracking m VariableDiffuser Incoming muon beam Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  7. PHASE I - Understand systematics - Check beam matching PHASE II Test ionisation cooling m STAGE I: Fall 2007 MICE Plan STAGE II: Early 2008 STAGE III: 2008 STAGE IV: end 2008 STAGE V 2009 STAGE VI 2009? Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  8. MICE will be hosted at Rutherford Appleton Lab using ISIS beam MICE Beam Line • 200 MeV/c muons • 600 muons / Spill • 1ms Spill duration • 1 Spill / second Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  9. Installation in progress Mice Hall is ready Decay solenoid received from PSI Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  10. Target System • High stability of electronics has been achieved • Over 50,000 pulses have been achieved without failure • Target achieves acceleration of 16g with 10A Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  11. Pion Capture and Decay Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  12. MICE Cooling Channel MICE Summary Aims: - Engineer and run a section of cooling channel - Measure emittance with 0.1 % accuracy 4T spectrometer II Cooling cell (~10%) b=5-45cm, liquid H2, RF Main challenges: - RF in magnetic field! - Liquid H2 next to RF 4T spectrometer I Single-m beam ~200 MeV/c Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  13. Instrumentation • Aim: Emittance (6D) measurement at 0.1% precision level • Requires high precision measurement of position, momentum and time • Requires good Particle ID to separate the muons from residual pions and decay electrons • Tracking • Scintillating Fiber • Upstream and downstream the cooling channel • Particle ID • TOF system (upstream and downstream) • Ckov Upstream • Calorimeter Downstream Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  14. MICE Tracker 5 stations of scintillating fibers 3 coordinates each Two layers, each 350 mm diameter VLPC readout (‘ à la D0 ’) (cryogenics) Simulation shows: DPT = 1.5 MeV/c DPZ = 3 MeV/c for 200 MeV/c muons at average PT Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  15. Tracker Solenoid Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  16. TOF • Simple design: Plastic scintillator + Pmts • Magnetic Shielding issue • Very good time resolution (~60 ps) Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  17. Ckov Detector Reflective funnel 4 EMI-9356 KA 8” Pmts Aerogel Radiator Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  18. Electron-Muon calorimeter KL SW • 4 cm of “Spaghetti” KLOE Electromagnetic calorimeter • 70 cm of plastic scintillator • e/m separation using • Full visible energy • Particle Range • Muon Bragg peak • Event topology: Track vs sparse hits • Muons decay in flight • > positrons • Cause systematics error on the emittance measurement Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  19. Geneva in MICE • 4 people involved • Pr. A. Blondel (MICE Spokesman) • Dr. J.-S. Graulich • Rikard Sandstrom (PhD Student) • Vassil Verguilov (PhD Student) • Active in • Management • Simulation • Trigger and DAQ Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  20. Geneva in MICE (2) • RF Background Simulation (Rikard Sandstrom) • High-gradient Copper RF cavities in high magnetic field ! • Field emission of electrons (dark current) -> Magnetic field focuses dark currents and lowers onset of breakdown -> Electrons produce X-ray by Bremsstrahlung -> X-rays convert into the detectors • Direct measurement + Simulation => Tracker validation • 200 MHz cavity under test at Fermilab Operation of RF cavities in large Magnetic Field is one of the hardest challenge of MICE! Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  21. Geneva in MICE (3) • PID Simulation (Rikard Sandtrom) • Detailed simulation of two possible designs for the Calorimeter Full KLOE Electromagnetic Calorimeter Vs 4 cm of KLOE + 70 cm of plastic scintillator Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  22. Safety purity Req. purity Stage 6, 200 MeV/c Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  23. Geneva in MICE (4) • DAQ • 600 muons per 1 ms Spill, repeated at 1 Hz • All the tracker and PID data have to be buffered in the FEE and read out at the end of the spill • About 50 MB / Spill (50 GB / Run) • MICE will use DATE (ALICE DAQ software) • Control and Monitoring • Detector + Beam Line + Cooling Channel • Several thousands of parameters • MICE C&M will be based on EPICS Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  24. Geneva in MICE • Front End Electronics Tests • No commercial gated ADC has a conversion time < 1 ms • No commercial gated ADC has a buffer large enough for 600 events The solution is to use Flash ADC but they are expensive Price drops for low sampling frequencies PMT Shaper + Invert. Vthr tthr ~30 ns rise time 2 ns rise time Allow measuring charge and time in the same module Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  25. Flash ADC test with cosmics Amplitude t0= t= t0= 700 ps resolution with 5 ns sampling period ! Using shaper prototype (First shot) Time (sample #) fit = p4 – p0(t0/(t0-t))[(e-(t-t0)/t-e-(t-t0)/t0) + (t-t0)/t e-(t-t0)/t ] Jean-Sébastien Graulich

  26. Conclusion • MICE: Muon Ionisation Cooling R&D • Precision emittance measurement (0.1 %) • Needed for Muon Storage Ring -> First concrete step towards a Neutrino Factory • Construction is in progress • First beam at RAL in fall 2007 • Should produce results before 2010 -> in time for big decisions of the post LHC era • Geneva is deeply involved • Simulation: RF background and PID • DAQ and Front End Jean-Sébastien Graulich

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