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Property Testing and Communication Complexity

Property Testing and Communication Complexity. Grigory Yaroslavtsev http://grigory.us. Property Testing [ Goldreich , Goldwasser , Ron, Rubinfeld , Sudan]. Randomized algorithm. Property tester. YES. YES. Accept with probability. Accept with probability. Don’t care. - far. No. No.

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Property Testing and Communication Complexity

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  1. Property Testing and Communication Complexity GrigoryYaroslavtsev http://grigory.us

  2. Property Testing [Goldreich, Goldwasser, Ron, Rubinfeld, Sudan] Randomized algorithm Property tester YES YES Accept with probability Accept with probability Don’t care -far No No Reject with probability Reject with probability -far : fraction has to be changed to become YES

  3. Property Testing [Goldreich, Goldwasser, Ron, Rubinfeld, Sudan] Property = set of YES instances Query complexity of testing • = Adaptive queries • = Non-adaptive (all queries at once) • = Queries in rounds () For error :

  4. Communication Complexity [Yao’79] Shared randomness Bob: Alice: … • = min. communication (error ) • min. -round communication (error )

  5. /2-disjointness -linearity [Blais, Brody,Matulef’11] • -linear function: where • -Disjointness: , , iff. Alice: Bob: 0?

  6. /2-disjointness -linearity [Blais, Brody,Matulef’11] • is -linear • is -linear, ½-far from -linear • Test for -linearity using shared randomness • To evaluate exchange and (2 bits)

  7. -Disjointness • [Razborov, Hastad-Wigderson] [Folklore + Dasgupta, Kumar, Sivakumar; Buhrman’12, Garcia-Soriano, Matsliah, De Wolf’12] where [Saglam, Tardos’13] • [Braverman, Garg, Pankratov, Weinstein’13] • (-Intersection) = [Brody, Chakrabarti, Kondapally, Woodruff, Y.] { = times

  8. Communication Direct Sums “Solving m copies of a communication problem requires m times more communication”: • For arbitrary [… Braverman, Rao 10; Barak Braverman, Chen, Rao 11, ….] • In general, can’t go beyond iff, where

  9. Specialized Communication Direct Sums Information cost Communication complexity • [Bar Yossef, Jayram, Kumar,Sivakumar’01] Disjointness • Stronger direct sum for Equality-type problems (a.k.a. “union bound is optimal”) [Molinaro, Woodruff, Y.’13] • Bounds for , (-Set Intersection) via Information Theory [Brody, Chakrabarty, Kondapally, Woodruff, Y.’13]

  10. Direct Sums in Property Testing [Woodruff, Y.] • Testing linearity: is linear if • Equality: decide whether • is linear • is ¼ -far from linear

  11. Direct Sums in Property Testing [Woodruff, Y.] • = = (matching [Blum, Luby, Rubinfeld]) • Strong Direct Sum for Equality[MWY’13]Strong Direct Sum for Testing Linearity

  12. Property Testing Direct Sums [Goldreich’13] • Direct Sum [Woodruff, Y.]: Solve with probability • Direct -Sum[Goldreich’13]: Solve with probability per instance • Direct -Product[Goldreich’13]: All instances are in instance –far from

  13. [Goldreich ‘13] For all properties : • Direct m-Sum (solve all w.p. 2/3 per instance) • Adaptive: • Non-adaptive: • Direct -Product (-far instance?) • Adaptive: • Non-adaptive:

  14. Reduction from Simultaneous Communication [Woodruff] Referee: • min. simultaneous complexity of • GAF: [Babai, Kimmel, Lokam] • GAF if 0 otherwise • , but S(GAF) = Bob: Alice:

  15. Property testing lower bounds via CC • Monotonicity, Juntas, Low Fourier degree, Small Decision Trees [Blais, Brody, Matulef’11] • Small-width OBDD properties [Brody, Matulef, Wu’11] • Lipschitz property [Jha, Raskhodnikova’11] • Codes [Goldreich’13, Gur, Rothblum’13] • Number of relevant variables [Ron, Tsur’13] All functions are over Boolean hypercube

  16. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] monotone functions over Previous for monotonicity on the line (): • [Ergun, Kannan, Kumar, Rubinfeld, Viswanathan’00] • [Fischer’04]

  17. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] • Thm. Any non-adaptive tester for monotonicity of has complexity • Proof. • Reduction from Augmented Index • Basis of Walsh functions

  18. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] • Augmented Index: S, () • [Miltersen, Nisan, Safra, Wigderson, 98]

  19. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] Walsh functions: For : , where is the -th bit of …

  20. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] Step functions: For :

  21. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] • Augmented Index Monotonicity Testing • is monotone • is ¼ -far from monotone • Thus,

  22. Functions[Blais, Raskhodnikova, Y.] • monotone functions over • -Lipschitz functions over • separately convex functions over • convex functions over Thm. [BRY] For all these properties These bounds are optimal for and [Chakrabarty, Seshadhri, ‘13]

  23. Thank you!

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