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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. The process by which mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP Two types Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and carried out by plants, animals, and some bacteria

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • The process by which mitochondria break down glucose to make ATP • Two types • Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen and carried out by plants, animals, and some bacteria • Anaerobic respiration: requires no oxygen and carried out by yeast, some bacteria, and sometimes animals

  3. Chemical equation for aerobic respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP THE OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTESIS!!!

  4. Some of aerobic respiration occurs in the MIGHTY mitochondria • Makes energy for the cell through aerobic respiration • Structure of a mitochondrion: Inner membrane Outer membrane Cristae: Fold in the inner membrane

  5. Steps of aerobic respiration • Glycolysis: First step breaks down glucose into pyruvate 1A. (Intermediate step: Change pyruvate to acetyl CoA) 2. Citric Acid Cycle: Second step uses the acetyl CoA to make electrons for the last step 3. Electron transport chain: Third step uses the electrons to make a lot of ATP

  6. ATP Glucose Enzymes ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate Step 1: Glycolysis – Occurs in the cytoplasm Glucose breaks down into 2 pyruvate (2 ATP are also made)

  7. Acetyl CoA Pyruvate Intermediate step: Pyruvate becomes acetyl CoA (Occurs in the cytoplasm)

  8. e- e- ATP e- NADH ATP Acetyl CoA e- Citric acid Citric Acid Cycle Step 2: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) – Occurs in the mitochondria 2 ATP are also made

  9. Step 3: Electron Transport Chain – Occurs in the mitochondria NADH e- e- e- e- Electron transport chain e- Made in Step 2 32 ATP Electrons move down the electron transport chain (series of proteins that pass the electrons along). Electrons are caught by oxygen to make water. 32 ATP are made! e- Oxygen we breathe We use for energy Water

  10. ATP Totals for aerobic respiration: • Glycolysis = 2 ATP (actually anaerobic) • Citric Acid Cycle = 2 ATP • Electron Transport Chain = 32 ATP • 1 Glucose = 36 TOTAL ATP for aerobic respiration

  11. Photosynthesis and respiration are pretty much the opposite of each other! Photosynthesis • Plants • * use sunlight to make glucose • * take in carbon dioxide • * give off oxygen • *carbon dioxide + water + sunlight  glucose + oxygen Respiration • Animals (and plants) • * eat plants to get glucose • * take in oxygen • * give off carbon dioxide • *glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP

  12. Anaerobic respiration (requires no oxygen) • Also called fermentation • 2 types: alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation • Only 2 ATP are made in anaerobic respiration so it is not as good as aerobic respiration (36 ATP) • Both begin with glycolysis! • No citric acid cycle or electron transport chain

  13. Only 2 ATP are made in anaerobic respiration so it is not as good as aerobic respiration (36 ATP) Glycolysis Glucose pyruvate + 2 ATP Alcoholic fermentation Pyruvate ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide Lactic acid fermentation Pyruvate lactic acid • Carried out by yeast and some bacteria • Used in brewing beer, making wine, and baking bread and cakes • Carried out by your muscles when you’re exercising hard (need ATP) and can’t get oxygen into you fast enough (can’t do aerobic respiration) • Causes muscle cramps and soreness

  14. Answer on back of sheet: • I n which organelle does cell respiration occur? • Photosynthesis occurs in what types of organisms? Cell respiration occurs in what type? • Write the equation for photosynthesis. • Write the equation for cell respiration…notice they are opposites! • Which step of cell respiration breaks down glucose? • The Acetyl CoA enzyme from step 1 enters step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle and forms ___ & ___. • The electrons from step 2 enter step 3 and make how many ATP? • From splitting 1 glucose how many total ATP are produced in cell respiration? • Anaerobic respiration is a type of cell respiration that requires no oxygen and only produces ___ ATP. • Alcoholic fermentation is used in ___ and lactic acid fermentation is used when ___.

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