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13. Stress and Workload

13. Stress and Workload. Figure 13.1 A representation of stress effects. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS. Motion High-frequency Vibration Low-Frequency Vibration and Motion Sickness Thermal Stress Air Quality. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS. Cognitive Appraisal Ethical Issues. Level of Arousal.

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13. Stress and Workload

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  1. 13. Stressand Workload

  2. Figure13.1 A representation of stress effects

  3. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS

  4. Motion • High-frequency Vibration • Low-Frequency Vibration and Motion Sickness • Thermal Stress • Air Quality

  5. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS

  6. Cognitive Appraisal • EthicalIssues

  7. Level of Arousal Figure 13.2 The Yerkes-Dodson law showing the relationship between level of arousal (induced by stress) and performance. The OLA is shown to be higher for less complex tasks.

  8. Performance Changes with Overarousal • Remediation of Psychological Stress

  9. LIFE STRESS

  10. WORKLOAD OVERLOAD

  11. Workload • The timeline model Figure 13.3 Timeline analysis. The percentage of workload at each point is computed as the average number of tasks per unit time, within each window. Shown at the bottom of the figure is the computed workload value TR/TA.

  12. Mental Workload Measurement • Primary task measures • Secondary task methods • Physiological measures • Subjective measures • Workload dissociations

  13. FATIGUE AND SLEEP DISRUPTION

  14. Vigilance and Underarousal • Causes of the vigilance decrement • Time • Event salience • Signal rate • Arousal level • Vigilance remediation

  15. Sleep Disruption • Sleep Deprivation and Performance Effects • Circadian Rhythms

  16. Figure 13.5 Graph plotting mean sleep latency (top), circadian rhythms (body temperature), and sleep duration (Bottom) against time for two day-night cycles. The bars around sleep duration represent the variability.

  17. Circadian Disruption • Jet lag • Shift work • Remediation to Sleep disruption

  18. Figure 13.6 Graph showing how performance on four kinds of tasks varies as a function of circadian rhythms, shown for a one day cycle.

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