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1. You will NOT receive credit for the session if you: • Fail to work on your question sheet; • Place your head on the desk/sleep; • Socialize/Visit/Talk with others during the session; • Arrive late and/or leave early; • Have your cell phone out.

2. After-School Review #2 The Growth of America in the Gilded Age: Urbanization, immigration, and industrialization

3. What do these two cartoons reveal about the attitude toward immigrants over time? A Despite past history, nativist sentiments toward immigrants still exists. B Over time, attitudes toward immigrants have shifted dramatically. C Immigrants to the United States are more respected than they were in the past. D Opposition to immigration did not occur until late in the last part of the 20th century.

4. Which statement accounts for the trend in this graph? A The promise of jobs brought immigrants and people from rural areas to the city. B Better health care facilities in New York caused a spike in the birth rate. C The city provided free housing to encourage people to move there. D Better sanitation and a lack of pollution brought people from other cities to New York.

5. How did the federal government respond to the situation in this cartoon? A It took over companies that violated labor laws. B It lowered tariffs to reduce the profits of large companies. C It denied public resources to companies that violated federal laws. D It increased regulations on monopolies and trusts.

6. During the Industrial Age, what tactic was used by big business owners to maximize company profits? A supporting the goals of labor unions B advocating for low tariffs C lobbying against laissez-faire government D establishing monopolies and trusts How did an increase in immigration between 1870 and 1916 impact the economy of the United States? A It led to an ample labor force for new industry. B It introduced new farming practices across the nation. C It led to a general depression across economic sectors. D It limited progress because employees had to be retrained frequently.

7. This chart shows a progression of business practices in the late 1800s. What action did the federal government take in response to these practices? A It passed legislation to encourage more companies to participate in these practices. B It passed legislation to break up and prevent monopolies. C It established a similar model for publicly owned companies. D It continued adherence to laissez-faire policies in order to promote industrial growth.

8. Which idea best represents the opinion of this cartoon?A. An overpopulation problem in the U.S. could be solved by immigration restrictions.B. The U.S. needed to advocate for it Open Door Policy for trade purposes.C. The Chinese Exclusion Act violated the philosophy behind the foundation of the U.S.D. The Open Door Policy was a violation of the rights of the Chinese to protect their trade interests. Caption reads, “Throwing down the ladder by which they rose.”

9. What fact about life in the 19th century west is reflected in this cartoon? Both Native American Indians and Chinese faced discrimination. Native American Indians frequently attacked Chinese workers with whom they competed for railroad jobs. The ethnic diversity in the West created a melting pot of ideas and customs. Native American Indians and Chinese were the only two ethnic minority groups in the West.

10. What impact did the trend in this chart have on labor in the late 19th century? A It prompted the federal government to intervene and establish minimum wage laws. B It stopped workers from organizing because they blamed collective bargaining for the change. C It caused labor unions to take more aggressive action which resulted in several violent strikes and conflicts. D It led leaders of other industries to encourage the government to support the formation of labor unions.

11. The following is an excerpt from a late-19th century law. Said rules shall provide and declare, as nearly as the conditions of good administration will warrant, as follows: First, for open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public service…which will fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons examined to discharge the duties of the service into which they seek to be appointed. Second, that all of the offices, places, and employments…shall be filled by selections according to grade from among those graded highest as the result of such competitive examinations. From which law is this an excerpt? • Sherman Antitrust Act • Interstate Commerce Act • Pendleton Civil Service Act • Granger’s Law Act

12. What is the main theme of this cartoon drawn by Thomas Nast in 1872?A. The prison system in New York was not big enough to handle all of the prisoners.B. Political machines like Tammany Hall committed illegal acts without fear of punishment.C. Law enforcement agencies were severely underfunded by federal and state governments.D. Crime rates in urban areas rose significantly as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

13. The following excerpt is from an act passed by the United States Congress in the late-19th century. Sec. 2. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor. How did this act differ from previous government economic policies? • It encouraged the growth of business in any forms. • It was a shift from laissez-faire policies to a more regulated economy. • It favored large corporations over small businesses. • It supported the creation of labor unions.

14. Why did many industrialists support the passage of tariffs in the late 1800s? A Tariffs reduced competition from foreign businesses. B Tariffs kept prices on imported goods low. C Tariffs increased regulation on working conditions in factories. D Tariffs increased efficiency by promoting competition between industries. What evidence refutes the idea that new immigrants quickly gave up their traditional culture and became part of a unique American “melting pot” of cultures? A Immigrants had to learn English before getting a job. B Immigrants were familiar with American culture before arriving. C Immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods. D Immigrants frequently visited their home countries.

15. How did the federal government’s tariff policy impact the nation in the late 19th century? A Higher tariffs increased cotton exports. B Higher tariffs encouraged more domestic manufacturing. C Lower tariffs increased trade with foreign nations. D Lower tariffs reduced inflation on consumer goods. During the Industrial Age, what factor made it difficult for labor unions to achieve their goals? A The federal government tended to favor the interests of businesses over workers. B Most factory workers were satisfied with their working conditions, and they refused to join labor unions. C Collective bargaining practices made it possible for workers to negotiate directly with managers. D State governments closely regulated labor unions, and a few even made strikes illegal.

16. This is an excerpt from a law passed in 1887. Here was a new generation, shouting the old cries, learning the old creeds, through a reverie of long days and nights; destined finally to go out into that dirty gray turmoil to follow love and pride; a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken…. The Commission hereby created shall have authority to inquire into the management of the business…and shall have the right to obtain from such [businesses] full and complete information necessary to enable the Commission to perform the duties and carry out the objects for which it was created; and for the purposes of this act the Commission shall have power to require the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all books, papers, tariffs, contracts, agreements, and documents relating to any matter under investigation, and to that end may invoke the aid of any court of the United States in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, papers, and documents under the provisions of this section. This law is evidence of what trend in the actions of the federal government? A preventing businesses from hiring non-union workers B adopting a laissez-faire approach to regulating the economy C allowing the creation of monopolies and trusts D expanding federal power to regulate industry

17. This is an excerpt from a letter entitled Labor’s Bill of Grievances that was sent to the president and Congressional leaders by Samuel Gompers. The beneficent writ of injunction intended to protect property rights, as used in labor disputes, has been perverted so as to attack and destroy personal freedom, and in a manner to hold that the employer has some property rights in the labor of workmen. This excerpt is most likely referencing what event? A the Pullman Strike B the Haymarket Square Riot C the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act D the election of Theodore Roosevelt

18. Analyze the cartoon.