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World History

World History. Chapter Three India & China (3000 B.C. – A.D. 500). Objectives. 1 . Explain how geography influenced the development in India & China 2 . Identify characteristics of these civilizations. Objectives.

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World History

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  1. World History • Chapter Three • India & China • (3000 B.C. – A.D. 500)

  2. Objectives • 1. Explain how geography influenced the development in India & China2. Identify characteristics of these civilizations

  3. Objectives • 3. Explain political & social structures in these countries4. Describe the role of religion5. List the contributions of each civilization

  4. Section One: Early Civilization in India

  5. I. The Land of India • Indian subcontinent, located along the southern edge of Asia, shaped like a triangle • Composed of mountain ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau & fertile coastal plains

  6. The Land of India • Himalaya, the highest mountains in the world • Ganges River, located on a rich valley, one of the chief regions of Indian culture • Deccan, a hilly & dry plateau that extends from the Ganges Valley to the southern tip of India

  7. The Land of India • Monsoon – a seasonal wind pattern in Southern Asia the blows warm, moist air from the southwest during the summer, bringing heavy rains, & cold, dry air from the northeast during the winter (p.72) • Farmers depend on the rains to grow crops

  8. II. India’s First Civilization • Between 3000 B.C. & 1500 B.C. • More than a thousand settlements in this region • Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro

  9. A. Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro • Planned cities • Constructed of mud bricks baked in ovens & were square • Advanced drainage system • Well organized government

  10. B. Rulers & the Economy • Divine assistance • Religion & political power closely linked • Economy based on farming

  11. Rulers & the Economy • Trade with city-states in Mesopotamia • Trade was carried by ship via the Persian Gulf

  12. III. The Arrival of the Aryans • Floods, earthquakes & climate change weakened the civilization • Arrival of the Aryans brought it to an end

  13. A. Who Were the Aryans? • Around 1500 B.C. • Aryans, A group of Indo-European nomadic peoples, who came out of central Asia • moved across the Hindu Kush mountain range • Created a new Indian society based on Aryan culture & institutions

  14. B. Aryan Ways of Life • Pastoral people, with a strong warrior tradition • Became farmers, using the iron plow & irrigation • Developed irrigation systems

  15. Aryan Ways of Life • Had no written language • Sanskrit - the first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 B.C. (p.74) • Wrote down religious rituals, legends & chants

  16. Sanskrit

  17. Aryan Ways of Life • Rajas - An Aryan leader or prince (p.74) • Carved out small states & fought one another

  18. IV. Society in Ancient India • Set of social institutions & class divisions

  19. A. The Caste System • Aryans social institutions & class divisions • Caste system – a set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation & economic potential as well as his or her position in society, based partly on skin color (p.75)

  20. The Caste System • Caste – on of the five major divisions of Indian classes in ancient times • 1. Brahmans, priest class • 2. Kshatriyas, warriors

  21. The Caste System • 3. Vaisyas, commoners • 4. Sudras, peasants (darker-skinned natives) • 5. Untouchables, trash collector & morticians (5%) of population

  22. The Caste System http://www.krishna.org/images/Gita/plate42.jpg

  23. B. The Family in Ancient India • Basic unit of Indian society • Extended family • Patriarchal

  24. The Family in Ancient India • Ritual of suttee • Required a wife to throw herself on her dead husband’s flaming funeral pyre

  25. V. Hinduism • Hinduism – the major Indian religion system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 B.C. (p.77) • Vedas, collection of hymns & religious ceremonies

  26. Hinduism • Brahman, a form of ultimate reality or God • Individual self, or atman • Reincarnation – the rebirth of an individual’s soul in a different form after death (p.77)

  27. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aperfectworld.org/cartoons/reincarnation.png&imgrefurl=http://www.aperfectworld.org/10203.htm&h=495&w=500&sz=92&tbnid=1DYlvIx3vCoJ:&tbnh=125&tbnw=126&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3DReincarnation%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aperfectworld.org/cartoons/reincarnation.png&imgrefurl=http://www.aperfectworld.org/10203.htm&h=495&w=500&sz=92&tbnid=1DYlvIx3vCoJ:&tbnh=125&tbnw=126&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3DReincarnation%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

  28. Hinduism • After many existences the soul may unite with Brahman • Final goal is a union with Brahman

  29. http://jyotisha.00it.com/samsara.gif

  30. Hinduism • Karma – in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life (p.77) if they are reborn as a person

  31. Hinduism • Dharma – in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma, it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society (p.77) • Duties vary with one’s caste

  32. Hinduism • Justified the upper class & gave hope to the poor • Yoga – a method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with God (p.77)

  33. Hinduism • More than 33,000 deities • Brahma the creator • Vishnu the Preserver • Siva the Destroyer

  34. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jain.8k.com/image/hinduism.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jain.8k.com/hinduism.html&h=250&w=251&sz=26&tbnid=v8QBSPNLnLUJ:&tbnh=105&tbnw=105&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHinduism%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.jain.8k.com/image/hinduism.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.jain.8k.com/hinduism.html&h=250&w=251&sz=26&tbnid=v8QBSPNLnLUJ:&tbnh=105&tbnw=105&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHinduism%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

  35. VI. Buddhism • Buddhism – a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the Sixth century B.C. by Siddartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One” (p.78) • Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism

  36. Confucius Buddha

  37. A. The Story of the Buddha • Witnessed death, disease & old age • Ascetic – a person who practices self-denial to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality (p.78) • Abusing his body, did not bring enlightenment

  38. B. The Basic Principles of Buddhism • The pain, poverty & sorrow that afflict human beings are caused by their attachment to things of this world • The physical realm is illusion • Desire’s attachments cause suffering

  39. The Basic Principles of Buddhism • Nirvana – in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self & a reunion with the Great World Soul (p.78)

  40. Four Noble Truths • 1. Ordinary life is full of suffering • 2. This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves • 3. The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals & to see others as extensions of ourselves • 4. The way to end desire is to follow the Middle Path

  41. The Eightfold Path • 1. Right View • 2. Right intention • 3. Right Speech • 4. Right action • 5. Right livelihood • 6. Right effort • 7. Right Mindfulness • 8. Right concentration

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