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Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovascular Disease. Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system Heart disease is #1 killer in the United States, stroke #4 (CDC) Washington State (CDC) Cardiovascular disease also contributes to mortality across the globe ( NationMaster.com )

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Cardiovascular Disease

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  1. Cardiovascular Disease

  2. Cardiovascular Disease • Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system • Heart disease is #1 killer in the United States, stroke #4 (CDC) • Washington State (CDC) • Cardiovascular disease also contributes to mortality across the globe (NationMaster.com) • WHO: the burden of heart disease and stroke

  3. Cardiovascular Disease • Many different terms • Conditions are frequently related

  4. Hypertension • A measure of the force blood exerts against the walls of arteries • Systole - pressure when heart contracts • Diastole - pressure when heart relaxes • What is blood pressure? • Blood pressure assessment • “Hypertension” = “high blood pressure”

  5. Why Does Hypertension Matter? • Hypertension damages inner lining of artery • Artery bleeds • Injured area clots, can accumulate “plaque” • Animation

  6. Atherosclerosis • Plaque buildup within an artery or arteries • A normal artery allows room for blood to flow • An atherosclerotic artery has plaque buildup as a result of damage to the blood vessel • An artery becomes damaged • High blood pressure • Smoking • Vessel bleeds, forms clot, accumulates plaque • Calcium, fibrin, cholesterol • YouTube animation (0:45+)

  7. Thrombus and Embolus • When a blood clot or other foreign body in a blood vessel (thrombus) prevents blood delivery, the human tissue needing the blood delivery can be damaged • When a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks off of its origin and travels through the blood vessel system (embolus), human tissue can be damaged • Can occur in arteries and veins

  8. Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction • When atherosclerosis occurs in the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart, the condition is labeled coronary artery disease (CAD) • CAD can cause a myocardial infarction (heart attack; through 1:37)

  9. Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction • Coronary artery occlusion • Myocardial infarction • Coronary artery plaque may not completely halt blood flow but instead reduce it: ischemia • Blood flow reduction to body’s tissues • Angina (chest pain or pressure) may result when ischemia occurs in the heart

  10. Stroke • When a blockage occurs in the brain, reduced blood flow can cause a stroke

  11. Arrhythmia • Normal rhythm = sinus rhythm • SA node, AV node, bundle branches • Sinus rhythm (click ventricular tachycardia, then sinus rhythm) • Too fast = tachycardia • Too slow = bradycardia • Irregular heartbeat • Variation from normal sinus rhythm • Supraventricular tachycardia • Atrial fibrillation • Instead of single impulse in the SA node, can be >400bpm • Ventricular tachycardia • Ventricular fibrillation

  12. Cardiac Arrest • Different from myocardial infarction • An electrical event • Usually due to underlying heart disease • Heart stops due to ventricular fibrillation • CPR can help blood flow, but defibrillation needed to restart heart

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