Functional Groups 5-8

1. Functional Groups 5-8

2. 5) Carboxylic Acids General Formula:O ll R – C – OH (carboxyl group)

3. Properties & Uses • Weak acids • Found in edible substances i.e. Citric acid, aspirin; builds up in muscles: lactic acid

4. Naming Rules • -oic acid ending on parent chain • Functional grp gets lowest # in parent chain • Substituents named as always

5. Examples i.e. 5 – ehtylheptanoic acid Draw: Name:

6. Note: If this functional grp is drawn on the far left carbon, the OH is turned around and written as HO to show that the bond is between the C – O

7. 6) Esters General Formula: O ll R – C – O – R'

8. Properties & Uses • Pleasant smells • Aromas in fruits

9. Naming Rules O ll R – C – O – R' • oate ending, named last -yl ending, named 1st • ***There is a space btn the names***

10. Examples Draw butyl propanoate Name the following: O ll CH3 – C – O – CH3

11. 7) Amines General Formula: R – N – H l H • *Hs can be C chains • 3 types: 1o, 2o, 3o

12. Properties & Uses • Bad odours (fishy), weak bases • P69 for examples

13. Naming Rules • Amino prefixes the parent chain name • # in front of amino to indicate the location of the N on the parent chain • If there are C chains on the N, the letter N is placed in front of the substituent name (see examples below)

14. Examples Draw the following: • 2 – aminobutane • N – methyl – 3 – pentane • N – ethyl – N,3 – dimethyl-2-aminobutane

15. 8) Amides • General Formula: O ll R – C – N – H l H *Hs can be replaced by C chains

16. Properties & Uses • Backbone for larger organic molecules like DNA and proteins

17. Naming Rules • Parent chain gets amide ending • C-chains on N are named the same as in amines

18. Examples Draw N- methylpentanamide Name: O ll CH3 – CH2 – C – N – CH3 l CH2 – CH3