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First Aid and CPR Training

First Aid and CPR Training . Black Hills High School Freshmen PE/Health. Objectives . Describe role and responsibilities of a first aid provider Able to provide and administer first aid &/or CPR Describe Universal Precautions & body substance isolation Have knowledge of God Samaritan Law.

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First Aid and CPR Training

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  1. First Aid and CPR Training Black Hills High School Freshmen PE/Health

  2. Objectives • Describe role and responsibilities of a first aid provider • Able to provide and administer first aid &/or CPR • Describe Universal Precautions & body substance isolation • Have knowledge of God Samaritan Law

  3. What to expect when you call 911 • Dial 9-1-1, here at BHHS 9-9-1-1 • “Do you need police, fire, or medical aid?,” “911, What are you reporting?” • Be prepared to answer: • What’s the problem? • What’s approx. age? • Is he/she conscious? • Is he/she breathing?

  4. Patient Assessment Primary Assessment • Put on gloves • Ask patient—”What happened? How can I help you? Where do you hurt?” • A-Airway • B-Breathing • C-Circulation • D-Defibrillation • What does skin look or feel like? • Head to toe sweep of major bleeding or other obvious injury • Monitor level of consciousness

  5. Primary Care • Head Stabilization. Tell patient not to move. Keep head immobile if injured. • Expose and control all bleeding • Natural position of patient, keep warm, & treat for shock if needed

  6. Medical History • Signs and symptoms • Allergies? • Medications? • Previous and current medical history • Last meal • Events leading up to incident

  7. Secondary Survey • Medic alert tag on wrist • Head to toe

  8. CPR • Check for safety • Talk & Touch “Are you okay.” Gentle touch • Call for help/activate EMS system, 911, Help!, You go call 9-1-1 and come back! • Open and Maintain Airway—head tilt, chin lift, look carefully in mouth. • Check for breathing

  9. Check for breathing • Look • Listen • Feel for at least 5-10 seconds

  10. Ventilate • Head tilt; chin up • Plug nose & give two breaths (about one second long) • Watch chest rise. • If chest does not rise, try again

  11. Begin Chest Compressions • Two hands, overlapped midline of nipple • 1-1/2- 2 inches deep • 2 breaths, 30 compressions • Stop recheck, 5 intervals and then recheck. • Rate of 100 compressions in one minute! • “Staying Alive Beat!”

  12. Child CPR • Follow same ABC’s • Compressions; one hand, one inch deep • 2 breaths, 30 compressions • Re-check, 5 intervals

  13. Infant CPR • Follow ABC’s • Two fingers to sternum • 2 puffs, 30 compressions, (Two puffs—enough to fill your cheeks) • Recheck, 5 intervals

  14. Adult CPR

  15. CPR for Children (Ages 1-8) CLICK HERE FOR A VIDEO DEMONSTRATION CPR for children is similar CPR for adults. The compression to ventilation ratio is 30:2. There are, however, 3 differences.

  16. PRACTICE!!!!!

  17. Infant CPR

  18. This is an AED

  19. Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) • Cost $1,000-$3,000. • Airplanes, airports, shopping centers, schools, everywhere • BHHS—Nurse station • 85% of adults go into abnormal heart rhythm before their heart totally stops. • This rhythm is usually called ventricular fibrillation

  20. AED’s con’t • The electrical shock is used to stop this quivering rhythm and allows the heart to re-start in the normal squeezing action. • AN AED will not allow shock a patient that does not need it.

  21. CPR and AED…. • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Defibrillation: listen to it’s instructions Special Circumstances: Wet surfaces---not a good idea. Only for victims older than one year of age.

  22. Special considerations AED • Use pediatric pads if available • Remove medication patches on chest • Do not place de-fib patches over implanted devices, give 1” clearance • De-fib patches placed on right upper portion of chest & below collar bone above nipple. • Patches on bare skin—may need to remove hair While the machine is in use DO NOT touch the patient during analysis and shock.

  23. CPR Quiz 1. Victim responsiveness is checked by: a.) Shaking and shouting at the victim b.) Patting gently on shoulder asking if they are alright c.) Checking pulse 2. If victim is unresponsive, you should: a.) Dial 9-1-1 before starting CPR b.) Start CPR before dialing 9-1-1 c.) Dial 9-1-1 and wait for the arrival

  24. 3.To check if victim is breathing, you should: a.) Listen for exhaled air b.) Feel for exhaled air c.) Watch rise and fall of chest d.) All of the above • The most common airway obstruction is: a.) Dentures b.) Food c.) Tongue d.) none of these

  25. 5. The technique used to clear the victim’s airway is: a.) Lift chin up, tilt head back b.) Push chin down, tilt head forward c.) lift chin up, turn head sideways 6. When ventilating an unconscious victim: a.) Pinch the victim’s nose closed. b.) Do not over-inflate the victim’s lungs c.) Allow the victim exhale on his own d.) All of the above.

  26. 7. When administering compressions, the rule to remember is: a.) 1 hand, 1 inch for children b.)1/2 hand, ½ inch for infants c.)2 hands, 2 inches for adults d.) All of the above Answers: b,a,d,b,a,d,d

  27. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION

  28. Are you choking? 9-1-1 Find correct hand positions (midline, just above navel) Give abdominal thrusts Inward and upward until obstruction is removed Most often obstruction is tongue!

  29. If pregnant...or too large to get arms around • Place fist in center, thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts. Alone…..bend over a chair and thrust Infant….holding baby turn on their stomach use ridge of hand thrusts to their back

  30. Infant

  31. Bloodborne Pathogens • What is true exposure? Needlestick Blood or bodily fluids Mouth to mouth Breathing airborne pathogens Human Bite

  32. Hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis, meningitis, measles, chicken pox, & MRSA!

  33. MRSA • MRSA infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria — often called "staph." MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a strain of staph that's resistant to the broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat it. MRSA can be fatal. Looks like….

  34. Hepatitis A • The hepatitis A virus is found in the stools (feces) of people with hepatitis A. It is transmitted when a person puts something in his or her mouth that has been contaminated with the feces of an affected person. This is referred to as fecal-oral transmission. • If food or drinking water becomes contaminated with stool from an infected person (usually because of inadequate hand washing or poor sanitary conditions), the virus can quickly spread to anyone who drinks or swallows the contaminated food or water. • The virus can also be spread by eating raw or undercooked shellfish collected from water that has been contaminated by sewage. • The hepatitis A virus can be transmitted through blood transfusions, although this is extremely rare.

  35. Hepatitis B • The hepatitis B virus is known as a blood-borne virus because it is transmitted from one person to another via blood. • Semen and saliva, which contain small amounts of blood, also carry the virus. • The virus can be transmitted whenever any of these bodily fluids come in contact with the broken skin or a mucous membrane (in the mouth, genital organs, or rectum) of an uninfected person.

  36. Hepatitis C • HCV is not related to the other viruses that cause hepatitis. Like the other hepatitis viruses, however, it is contagious. The hepatitis C virus is transmitted mainly by contact with blood or blood products. • Sharing of contaminated needles among IV drug users is the most common mode of transmission. Using a needle to inject recreational drugs, even once several years ago, is a risk factor for hepatitis C. • Transfusion with infected blood or blood products, hemodialysis, or transplantation of organs from infected donors was once a common mode of transmission but is now rare. • In 1992, a test became available for checking blood for HCV. Blood and blood products are now tested to ensure that they are not contaminated. As a result, cases of hepatitis C related to transfusion, hemodialysis, or transplantation have dropped to almost zero since then. Transfusion of blood or blood products before 1992 is a risk factor for hepatitis C. • Less common causes of HCV transmission include the following:   • From mother to infant at the time of childbirth • Through sexual intercourse with an infected person: Having multiple sex partners is a risk factor. • Needle sticks with HCV-contaminated blood: This is mostly seen in health care workers. The risk of developing HCV infection after a needle stick is about 5-10%. • You cannot get hepatitis C by living with, being near, or touching someone with the disease. You can get the disease by sharing a razor, nail clippers, or other such items with an infected person.

  37. HIV • HIV is transmitted when the virus enters the body, usually by injecting infected cells or semen. There are several possible ways in which the virus can enter. • Most commonly, HIV infection is spread by having sex with an infected partner. The virus can enter the body through the lining of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or mouth during sex. • HIV frequently spreads among injection-drug users who share needles or syringes that are contaminated with blood from an infected person. • Women can transmit HIV to their babies during pregnancy or birth, when infected maternal cells enter the baby's circulation. • HIV can be spread in health-care settings through accidental needle sticks or contact with contaminated fluids. • Very rarely, HIV spreads through transfusion of contaminated blood or blood components. Blood products are now tested to minimize this risk. If tissues or organs from an infected person are transplanted, the recipient may acquire HIV. Donors are now tested for HIV to minimize this risk.

  38. Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves • CPR shields OR masks with one-way valve • Eye protection • Respiratory protection Proper Hand Washing most effective method to prevent spread of germs Post exposure follow-up with a physician

  39. Cleaning up Blood • 1 part bleach to 10 parts water • Only use luke warm water or cold water, Hot water destroys chlorine • Bleach will only live in the water for 24 hours. Must be fresh mix! • If you have the Purell gel packs that would work if you have nothing else. • Put all contaminated towels and waste in a Red Bag or other appropriate sealed, labeled (Biohazard symbol or label), leak-proof container

  40. Bleeding and Wounds Average adult has 10-12 pints of blood 1 pint loss- Shock unlikely 2 pints loss- symptoms of shock evident 3-4 pints of loss- can/will be life threatening (FYI) When you give blood you donate 1 unit—just under a pint of blood

  41. Color of blood can help….. • Dark Red, possible bluish, flow is strong and steady……………….VEIN • Bright Red, spurting…….ARTERY • Oozes…………………….CAPILLARY #1 If unconscious A.B.C.’s #2 Stop open bleeding wounds with direct pressure

  42. Direct Pressure • Direct pressure from gloved hand. Sterile compression to the entire wound-wrap towards the heart • Elevate—raise limb above heart • Ice– Ice pack on top of bandage. Never ice directly to skin. • Pressure points brachial artery, femoral artery

  43. SHOCK • Shock is inadequate supply of oxygen to vital organs/body tissue. May accompany any illness or injury #1 Check level of consciousness #2 A, B, C’s #3 Control bleeding #4 Treat in position #5 DO NOT GIVE FLUID #6 Speak calmly see if you can help them through.

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