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Unit 1: Atomic Structure Honors Physical Science

Unit 1: Atomic Structure Honors Physical Science. Evolution of Atomic Theory. Democritus – 400 B.C. Greek Philosopher Imagined particles that were indivisible Constituents of matter Atom comes from “atomos” Opposed Aristotle. Aristotle – 350 B.C.

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Unit 1: Atomic Structure Honors Physical Science

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  1. Unit 1: Atomic StructureHonors Physical Science Evolution of Atomic Theory

  2. Democritus – 400 B.C. • Greek Philosopher • Imagined particles that were indivisible • Constituents of matter • Atom comes from “atomos” • Opposed Aristotle

  3. Aristotle – 350 B.C. • Widely accepted theory that all matter can be continually divided. • Set science back for thousands of years.

  4. Alchemy • A pseudoscience that superceded scientific discoveries. • Alchemists attempted to turn metals into gold and developing the “elixir” of life (able to cause immortality and create life).

  5. Pierre Gassendi - 1650 • Reintroduced Particulate theory • No experimental evidence • Supported by Sir Isaac Newton

  6. Antoine Lavoisier - 1778 • Developed Law of Conservation of Mass • Explained combustion

  7. Joseph Proust - 1799 • Developed “Proust’s Law” using copper oxide • Later renamed, the Law of Definite Proportions • Nearly discovered the Law of multiple proportions, but his data used percentages instead of weights.

  8. John Dalton - 1802 • First to develop an atomic theory. It has 4 postulates. • Each element is made up of atoms • Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties. Atoms of different elements differ in some way.

  9. John Dalton - 1802 • Compounds are made when atoms combine. If elements combine in more than one whole number ratio, the resulting compound has different properties • Chemical reactions involve the reorganization of atoms.

  10. Eugene Goldstein - 1886 • Discovered the proton using a cathode ray tube.

  11. J.J. Thomson - 1897 • Determined the mass/charge ratio of the electron. • 5.69 x 10-9 • Used the cathode ray tube • Proposed a model of the atom that was mockingly called the “plum pudding” model

  12. Robert Millikan - 1909 • Determined the charge of the electron using the famous oil-drop experiment • 1.60 x 10-19 • From this and Thomson’s value, the mass was calculated to be 9.11 x 10-28g

  13. Ernest Rutherford - 1911 • Performed the famous gold foil experiment • Determined 3 things • The atom is mostly empty space • The nucleus is positively charged • The nucleus is a small dense part of the atom

  14. Gold Foil Experiment

  15. Gold Foil Experiment

  16. Niels Bohr - 1913 • Observed spectral lines for hydrogen • Proposed an orbit theory of the electron around the atom.

  17. Bohr Model

  18. Hydrogen Spectrum

  19. Louis De broglie - 1924 • Suggested that matter could exhibit wave properties • Observed diffraction patterns in electrons

  20. Erwin Schrödinger - 1926 • Developed a wave equation. • Mathematical function that described the nature of the electron

  21. James Chadwick - 1932 • Discovered the neutron

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