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Hone Tuwhare. Hone Tuwhare. Background Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of Ngapuhi descent. Father was an accomplished orator and storyteller in Maori Has a working class background. Worked at Otahuhu Railway workshops as a boilermarker. Workmates discouraged his interest in poetry.
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Hone Tuwhare Background • Born in Kaikohe, Northland. Of Ngapuhi descent. • Father was an accomplished orator and storyteller in Maori • Has a working class background. Worked at Otahuhu Railway workshops as a boilermarker. Workmates discouraged his interest in poetry.
Hone Tuwhare Distinctive aspects of his poetry • Often writes about political issues, e.g. nuclear issue, Maori land rights etc • Uses an “easy vernacular familiar to NZers” (colloquial language) • Highly sensual, brings objects and nature alive through figurative language
Key achievements • First Maori poet to publish poetry in English • Given honorary doctorates by 2 universities • Won 2 Montana Book Awards for his poetry • Named the Te Mata Poet Laureate • Organised the first Maori writers and artists conference • In 2003 named as one of the 10 Greatest living artists in NZ • Gained the Prime Minister’s award for Literary Achievement in Poetry
‘To a Maori Figure Cast in Bronze outside the Chief Post Office, Auckland’ Hone Tuwhare
Sculpture of Maori Chief in Queen Elizabeth Square, lower Queen St. • Sculptor – Molly Macalister
Eviction of Maori from Okahu Bay • In the 1950s Maori of Ngati Whatua tribe lived in a settlement in Okahu bay • The Govt evicted them and relocated them into State houses on the hill above Okahu bay. Their old homes and marae were burnt to the ground. • For the next 40 years, Ngati Whatua o Orakei would not have a marae of their own
State houses • In 1959, the Crown set aside land near the state homes for a marae, not for Ngati Whatua o Orakei, but for ‘the use and benefit of all Maori’. • Ngati Whatua o Orakei had no control of it and in the events that followed, the hapu was to witness the takeover of their culture, as a marae was built and named by others.
Hone Tuwhare - activist • “In 1943 Tuwhare was active in protest at the treatment of the Ngati Whatua people of Orakei • From 1840, when the first of their land was sold, the people had been progressively alienated and disinherited: 100 years later all that remained was 12 acres…despite applications to the court for the return of 40 acres of homeland.” • -’Hone Tuwhare – a biography’ by Janet Hunt
Tuwhare’s involvement • He became involved through the Trades Council • He attended a meeting in Upper Queen St called by Princess Te Puea Herangi. Her plan was to build a ‘large Maori ponga palisade all around the walls of the old houses…’ then renovate the meeting house and build a dining room • Tuwhare helped to raise support and laboured at the working bee • They created a pa and put up a ‘Keep out’ sign but at the end, the pa was removed and the people relocated. But the struggle continued.
The Marae returns to Ngati Whatua • It was not until 1991 that the marae was returned to Ngati Whatua o Orakei as part of the Crown response to the Waitangi Tribunal claim lodged before them. • The Orakei Act 1991 was passed, returning the marae, lands and the church and urupa to Ngati Whatua o Orakei.
Michael Joseph Savagea.k.a “Mickey” Savage • 1935: During the depression he toured the country and gave inspiring speeches, so many voted him in for PM. Brought a “religious fervour” to NZ politics. • 1939 He led NZ into WWII • He introduced the Welfare state. NZ was one of the 1st in the world. e.g. introduced National Superannuation • 1940 When he died there was great public grief • He became seen as a ‘saint’ by some. His memorial is on Bastion Pt.
Political History of Bastion Point • In 1886, the Crown took ownership of 13 acres of Bastion Point for the purpose of defence. • When, in 1941, the Crown no longer needed Bastion Point for defence, the ancestral Māori land was not returned to its traditional Māori owners but instead gifted to the Auckland City Council for a reserve.
Activism at Bastion Pt • In 1976, the Crown announced that it planned to develop Bastion Point by selling it to the highest corporate bidder for high-income housing. • Joe Hawke and other Māori members of hapu, and Pākehāactivists organised an illegal occupation of the remaining Crown land to prevent its confiscation by the Muldoon Government. • A marae and housing was built, and crops were grown. A fire in one of the buildings caused the tragic death of a young girl.
The occupation ends but later the Govt says sorry • A peaceful occupation lasted for 507 days and was finally ended on the 25th May 1978 when 800 police and the New Zealand army were used to forcibly remove the occupiers and destroy the temporary buildings • 222 protesters were arrested. The occupation and use of force to end it played a part in highlighting injustices against Māori, and the occupation was a major landmark in the history of Māori protest. • In the 1980s NZ Govt apologised and returned the land to Ngāti Whātua with compensation, as part of the Treaty of Waitangi settlement process.
