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Wildlife Disease Avian Influenza

Wildlife Disease Avian Influenza. John F. Corbett, III Bio. 335-Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Keystone College Feb. 18, 2010. Diseases, Pathogens and Parasites- Overview. Disease - any departure from health; destructive process in an organism with a specific cause and symptoms.

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Wildlife Disease Avian Influenza

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  1. Wildlife DiseaseAvian Influenza John F. Corbett, III Bio. 335-Wildlife and Fisheries Biology Keystone College Feb. 18, 2010

  2. Diseases, Pathogens and Parasites- Overview • Disease- any departure from health; destructive process in an organism with a specific cause and symptoms. • Disease agents can be physical, chemical or biological factors that cause a disease. • Pathogen- disease causing biological agent. • Pathogens and parasites encompass a wide variety of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, protozoan's, fungi and heminths-parasitic worms. • Some are external, while others are internal

  3. Diseases, Pathogens and Parasites- Concern • Possibility of disease outbreaks in wild populations when stocking or accidental introduction. • 2 types; epizootics- large scale eruptive disease outbreaks, enzootics- low-level chronic disease problems. • Exotic or transplanted organisms may transfer diseases against which native organisms have no defense. • Parasites in wild affect only few members in a population.

  4. Diseases, Pathogens and Parasites- Concern • Artificially reared populations, crowded organisms are more susceptible to disease, outbreak will affect large percentage of population.

  5. Avian Influenza- Bird Flu • Infection caused by viruses. • Occurs naturally among wild birds, carried in their intestines, usually does not affect them. • Verycontagious among domesticated birds; chickens, ducks and turkey, become very ill and eminent death. • Infected birds shed the virus in saliva, nasal secretions and feces. • Susceptible birds infected by contact with contaminated fluids, surfaces or materials.

  6. Avian Flu Virus

  7. Avian Influenza- Bird Flu • 2 forms of bird flu affecting domestic poultry. • Low pathogenic form may go undetected and cause only mild conditions; ruffled feathers, mild respiratory effects and drop in egg production. • Highly pathogenic form spreads rapidly through flocks, affects multiple internal organs, massive hemorrhaging and has mortality rate of 90-100% within 48 hours. • Nicknamed the Chicken Ebola.

  8. Avian Influenza- History • Historically, wild bird flu virus infected domestic poultry, which infected domesticated pig, mixed with pig flu virus. • Viruses exchanged genetic information, formed new virus. • New mutation could infect humans easily and spread from person to person. • 1918, Spanish flu began as normal flu, became deadly. • Scientists believe this virus was mutated form of bird flu virus.

  9. Avian Flu Cycle

  10. Avian Influenza- H5N1 • Bird flu H5N1, recent deadly virus affecting domesticated poultry in Asia and eastern Europe. • First discovered in Hong Kong, 1997, infected 18 and killed 6 people in close contact with infected poultry. • H5N1 survives in environment for long periods of time.

  11. Avian Influenza- H5N1 • Wild birds migrate from Asia to Europe with virus in their intestine. • Birds that recover from flu shed virus through secretions and excretions for up to 10 days. • Since then, millions of birds infected, then disposed of to prevent spread of disease. • 2005, discovered in Turkey and Romania.

  12. Avian Influenza- H5N1 Disposal of Infected Poultry

  13. H5N1- Worldwide Affects • 2005, 146 confirmed cases, 76 fatalities in 6 countries. • Slowed economic growth in Asian poultry industry and tourism from pandemic. • Predict next bird flu pandemic infects 20% of world’s population, mostly Third World countries. • Predicted food and energy shortage and import/export restrictions.

  14. Current Bird Embargos • Embargo- country’s government order to ban trade of certain product with certain countries. • USDA and CDC restrictions on poultry, commercial birds, pet birds and unprocessed bird products, dead or alive, from Asia and eastern Europe. • United States had low pathogenic viruses in poultry, few years ago. Asia, Mexico and European Union issued embargo against trade.

  15. References Willis, D.W., Scarlet, C.G. and Flake, L.D. Introduction to Wildlife and Fisheries-An Integrated Approach, 2nd Edition, 2009, W.H. Freeman and Comp., New York, NY, pp. 202-204. www.cdc.gov –Key facts about Avian Influenza and AH5N1 Virus www.bird-flu-facts.org

  16. Thank You

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