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The South and Slavery

The South and Slavery. America Grows. While Industry begins to explode in the north…. The South sticks to what its always done Cash Crops. South Begins to Seriously Fall Behind. In the North Cities are flourishing Large increases in population Factories and Mass Production

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The South and Slavery

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  1. The South and Slavery

  2. America Grows • While Industry begins to explode in the north…. • The South sticks to what its always done • Cash Crops

  3. South Begins to Seriously Fall Behind • In the North • Cities are flourishing • Large increases in population • Factories and Mass Production • 84% of nation’s manufacturing • Thousands of miles of railroads are being laid • Corporations are being formed • In the South • Only a couple large cities • Completely focused on agriculture • 16% of nation’s manufacturing • Relied heavily on the North and Europe for goods

  4. Cotton Becomes King • Cotton Gin makes cotton profitable • Machine that separates cotton from twig • Grown in most southern states • Makes many in the south rich • Labor-intensive crop • Demand for slaves skyrocket • Slave-trade had been outlawed • Slave owners make sure slaves are reproducing at a fast rate • Cotton was sold to Europe and then money was used to buy Northern goods • The whole country relied on slavery

  5. Slavery Expands Due to Cotton

  6. Southern Social Structure • Aristocratic Planters • Top o f the social, economic, andpolitical ladder • Small Slaveholders • Owned 1 or 2 slaves and worked side by side with their slaves • Poor White Farmers • Owned n o slaves, but their dream was me day own slaves and become wealthy • Called “Red-Necks” • Were subsistence farmers • Fr ee African-Americans • 250,000 lived in the South with another 250,000 lived in th e North

  7. Plantation Slavery • Cotton made slaves very profitable • Black Ivory • Slaves were worth $2 Billion • Slave Trade ended in 1808 • Smugglers • Female slaves were treated as breeders, forced to have as many children as possible • Auctions • Families were often broken up

  8. 1850 Census Data

  9. Slaveholders in Kentucky

  10. Slave Life • Almost no political rights • Some states barred the breaking up of families • “Until death or distance do you part.” • Floggings were common, but came at a cost to the slave and the owner • Majority of Slaves could be found in the Deep South • Unique form of Christianity existed • “Tell old Pharaoh to let my people go.” • Responsorial Preaching • Reading and Writing was forbidden

  11. Slave Resistance • Escape • Death • “Yassah, massah, she is daid, but she’s free.” • Sabotage • Poison • Armed Resistance • Southerners lived in constant fear • Nat Turner’s Revolt (1831) • Killed 60 Virginians

  12. Solutions to Slavery… Colonization • Solution was to end slavery, and return slaves to Africa • Reasoning behind this viewpoint • Ending slavery would not end racism • Many Northerners were against slavery, but still very racist • Supported by many prominent Americans • Presidents James Madison and James Monroe • Chief Justice John Marshall • Abraham Lincoln • American Colonization Society purchased land in West Africa • Created colony of Liberia • 15,000 Freed Slaves were transported their over 40 years • Most freed slaves had no interest in this

  13. Abolition • Abolition: called for the immediate and complete freeing of all slaves • Famous Abolitionists • William Lloyd Garrison • Burned the Constitution in protest • Harriet Beecher Stowe • Uncle Tom’s Cabin • “So you are the little lady that started this great war.” • Frederick Douglas • Escaped slave • David Walker

  14. Reactions to Abolition • In the North • Mixed emotions • North and South relied on one another • Cotton from the South • Loaned money to the South • Many were against slavery, but still racist • Feared competing with black workers flooding to northern cities • Many feared it would lead to war • Southern farmers owed a lot of money to northern banks • In the South • Slavery was seen as absolutely necessary • Southerners defended slavery • “slaves did not want freedom” • “slaves and slaveholders got along” • “blacks were inferior” • Southerners became annoyed that the Yankees were trying to dictate their way of life

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