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European Imperialism in the Middle East, India, & S.E. Asia

European Imperialism in the Middle East, India, & S.E. Asia. Text Chapters 27.3-27.5. Review:. Means of production Until the 1800’s Europeans were unable to colonize Africa (Difficult Travel, Natives, Disease) Industrialization allowed colonization (Steam E ngine, Cure for Malaria, GUNS !).

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European Imperialism in the Middle East, India, & S.E. Asia

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  1. European Imperialism in the Middle East, India, & S.E. Asia Text Chapters 27.3-27.5

  2. Review: Means of production Until the 1800’s Europeans were unable to colonize Africa (Difficult Travel, Natives, Disease) Industrialization allowed colonization (Steam Engine, Cure for Malaria, GUNS!)

  3. Imperialism Spreads to the Middle East • Contributing Factors: • Decline of the Ottoman Empire • Geopolitics: Europeans were interested in the Middle East because of its strategic location (Mediterranean), and products (Oil discovered in 1900) • Crimean War: Ottomans (& Britain and France) v. Russia

  4. Muslim Attempts at Reform: • In order to avoid colonization some Muslim countries attempted to modernize • Egypt: Muhammad Ali, Isma’il & Suez Canal • Economic Imperialism (Persia, and tobacco boycott)

  5. “The Jewel in the Crown” • Mughal Empire Collapses, India breaks up into many small states controlled by local leaders. • 1757—British East India Co. troops defeat the Indian/French forces @ Battle of Plassey and BEIC becomes dominant economic power in the region. • India provides raw materials for G.B.’s factories, and 300 M people to buy English goods

  6. Impacts of Imperialism in India • Positive • 3rd largest RR in the world is built, enabling Indian economic development • India able to modernize (roads, telephone, telegraph, dams, bridges, etc.) • Sanitation, public health, schools (literacy) • British end warfare between local rulers. • Negative: • British hold all political & econ. Power • Industries competing with the British suffer (Indian textiles) • Cash crop (c0tt0n) emphasis reduces food and local self-sufficiency • Racism and missionaries threaten traditional Indian ways of life

  7. Sepoy Mutiny • Indian Discontent Grows • Rumor Spreads among Sepoys (1857) • Sepoys refuse to accept rifle cartridges and are jailed • In response Sepoys rebel • Fierce fighting ensues, and it takes BEIC over a year to regain control

  8. British Raj • Hindu/Muslim split • G.B. takes command of India from the BEIC (under Queen Victoria) • Direct control: Minister in London directs Indian policy, viceroy in India carries it out • BEIC treaties with local rulers who stayed loyal to British during the rebellion are honored • Indian Nationalism Grows

  9. S.E. Asia Plantation Agriculture (sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, banana) Dutch East India Company controls Indonesia (Dutch E. Indies) British: Malaysia (Singapore). Chinese flock to Malaysia to work for the British, eventually outnumbering native Malay population France: Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)

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