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V/S, Respiration

V/S, Respiration. Function of the Lungs. Provide transfer of Oxygen form air to blood Inhaled=21% Exhaled=16% Provide transfer of carbon dioxide out. What is the Respiration?. It is the act of breathing through inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation.

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V/S, Respiration

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  1. V/S, Respiration

  2. Function of the Lungs • Provide transfer of Oxygen form air to blood • Inhaled=21% • Exhaled=16% • Provide transfer of carbon dioxide out

  3. What is the Respiration? It is the act of breathing through inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation. External respiration : interchange of O2 and CO2 b/w alveoli and pulmonary blood. Internal respiration : interchange of O2 and CO2 b/w circulating blood and cells of body tissues.

  4. Costal (thoracic) breathing : Involves external inter-costal Muscles and accessory muscles (sterno-cleido-mastoid) The chest moved upward and outward

  5. Diaphragmatic (abdominal) respiration : contraction and relaxation of diaphragm. • Observed by abdominal movement

  6. Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing

  7. Figure 29-15 Respiratory inhalation. Lateral view

  8. Figure 29-15 (continued) Respiratory inhalation. Anterior view.

  9. Figure 29-16 Respiratory exhalation. Lateral view

  10. Figure 29-16(continued) Respiratory exhalation. Anterior view.

  11. Respiratory control • Respiratory center in medulla oblongata and the pons of the brain • Chemo-receptors located in medulla and carotid artery and aorta

  12. Factors Affecting Respiration Factors ↑ Resp. • Exercise • Stress • ↑ environmental temp. • Lowered O2 concentrations at increased altitudes Factors ↓ Resp. • Certain medication e.g. narcotics • ↑ ICP

  13. Respiratory rates • 15-20 Breaths/m (teen ages- above 70 years) • 15-25 B/m (5 - 10 years) • 20-40 B/m (1 year) • 30-80 B/m (new born)

  14. Assessing respiration • Complete cycles of respiration for one minute. • Consider influences and factors affecting respiration and medications • Don’t tell the client when counting respiration

  15. Description of respiratory rate • Normal respiratory rate and depth= eupnoea • Slow resp. = bradypnea • Fast resp. = tachpnea (polypnea) • Absence breathing = apnea

  16. Respiratory volume • Hypoventilation • Hyperventilation

  17. Respiratory Rhythm • Cheyne-stokes breathing : very deep to very shallow and temporary apnea.

  18. Ease and Efforts • Dyspnea • Orthopnea : ability to breath only in upright sitting or standing positions.

  19. Breathing sounds • Stridor (laryngeal obstruction) • Stretor (snoring)(partial obstruction of URT) • Wheeze (whistling) (narrowed or partial obstruction of airways) • Bubbling (gurgling) (moist secretions in respiratory tract)

  20. Chest movements • Intercostal retraction (b/w ribs) • Substernal retraction (beneath breast bone) • Suprasternal retraction (above clavicles)

  21. Secretions and coughing • Hemoptysis • Productive cough • Non-productive cough

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