Class Starter

1. Class Starter • Look at your Unit I Plan • Using a highlighter, identify the target(s) or “I can” statements that we cover. • “I can” statements will be your test!

2. “The State”What are the four characteristics of a state? • Nations, countries, and states all refer to the same thing! • In order to be a “state”, you must have four things: • Territory • Population • Sovereignty (ability to make own laws) • Government

3. What are the four theories of the Origin of the State? • Major Political Ideas (Origin of the State) • Force Theory: 1 person/group forces power and submission of other people

4. Evolutionary Theory: State developed naturally out of the “Family.” • Head of Family  Head of Government

5. Divine Right Theory: Ordained by God • God gave them the right to rule

6. Social Contract Theory: State exists to serve the will of the people • People are the source of power – free to give or withhold power

7. Traditional Forms of Government • Feudalism: People are bound to a King (loyal) and in return King provides protection

8. Absolute Monarchy: King/Queen has total control of military and government

9. Authoritarianism: unlimited amount of power, no restraints on power of government

10. Despotism: absolute power/tyrannical rule (tyrant)

11. Liberal Democracy:Protects individual rights; consent of the governed

12. Totalitarianism: controls all facets of life

13. Democracy • Of the people, for the people (People are source of power) • Equal rights (protection of rights) • Representative government

14. Dictatorship • Not responsible for policies • Autocracy/Oligarchy • Authoritarian – absolute power • One leader (Despot) • Governs without consent of the people

15. Unitary • Centralized government (one unit) • Limited local government • One legislature (created by constitution)

16. Federal • Division of powers • Central & Local Governments (National, State, and Local Government) • Each have own set of powers • Separation of Powers (3 branches)

17. Confederate • Limited powers – only handles matters that member states assign to it • Central organization – alliance of individual states • No power to make laws that apply to individual states • Come together for a common cause

18. Presidential • Two branches are equal and separate • Executive Branch led by President • Executive & Legislative branches are popularly elected

19. Parliamentary • Executive and Legislative branch are combined • Executive must answer to Parliament (Legislature) • Executive (Prime Minister) is elected by Parliament (Legislature)

20. Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Wonder Woman, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, James Madison

21. English Colonists brought ordered, limited, and representative government • Ordered: Justice of the Peace, Sheriff, Counties, etc. • Limited: Restricted power and individual rights • Representative: Government serves the will of the people

22. Influential Documents • Magna Carta (1215):granted Englishmen certain rights (trial by jury, protection of property, etc.) • Power of the monarchy was not absolute • The Petition of Right (1628):limited kings power • The English Bill of Rights (1689): written to prevent abuses by the King/Queen (right to a fair trial, no excessive bail, no cruel and unusual punishment)

23. John Locke • Natural Rights: rights inherent in human beings (life, liberty & property) • Consent of the Governed: government gets its authority from the people • Limited Government: restrictions should be placed on the government to protect the natural rights of the people

24. Comparisons – Natural Rights Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of Independence John Locke “The state of nature has a law to govern it” “Life, Liberty and property” “Laws of Nature and Nature’s God” “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

25. 2.4 – Creating a Constitution

26. Need for a Stronger Government • Philadelphia Convention, May, 1787 • Delegates agreed to create a new government • 55/74 delegates attended, 12/13 States attended • Framers (all had distinguished backgrounds and most had education) • Independence Hall – Sworn to Secrecy – Extremely HOT!

27. Virginia Plan • 3 Branches (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial) • Legislative: Bicameral, decided by population & monetary contributions, House – popular election, Senate – House elected

28. New Jersey Plan • 3 Branches (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial) • Legislative: Unicameral, Each state has equal representation

29. How should the States be represented in Congress? • Connecticut Compromise • Bicameral Legislature: House – Population, Senate – equal representation • Sources of the Constitution • British tradition, State Governments, and John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government

30. Date Finished: September 17, 1787 • Federalists vs. • Favored ratification • Madison & Hamilton • Federalist Papers Anti-Federalists • Opposed ratification • Jefferson • Believed National Government was too powerful • Wanted Bill of Rights

31. September 13, 1788: 11/13 States ratified the Constitution • New York City – Capital, Congress located on Wall Street • April 30, 1789: George Washington took the oath of office