International Business Strategy 301LON

2. International Business Strategy 301LON The Strategic Environment Globalization of Markets Unit: 4 Knowledgecast: 1

3. Module Learning Outcomes • Demonstrate a sound appreciation of current strategic management concepts • Assess current developments in the organisational environment and alternative responses related to strategy

4. Overview of the Globalization of Markets • Globalization and technological advances have altered the international business landscape more than any other trends. • In this class, globalization refers to the interconnectedness of national economies and the growing interdependence of buyers, producers, suppliers, and governments around the world. • Globalization allows firms to view the world as one large marketplace for goods, services, capital, labor, and knowledge.

5. Phases of Globalization • Phase 1: 1830 to late 1800sAided by railroads and ocean transport; the rise of manufacturing and trading companies • Phase 2: 1900 to 1930 Fueled by electricity and steel; early MNEs • Phase 3: 1948 to 1970s GATT, post-war era; reduction of trade barriers worldwide; rise of global capital markets • Phase 4: 1980 to presentFueled by Internet and other technologies; rapid liberalization in emerging markets

6. Drivers of Market Globalization • Worldwide reduction of barriers to trade and investment • Market liberalization and adoption of free markets • Industrialization, economic development, and modernization • Integration of world financial markets • Advances in technology The Drivers and Dimensions of Market Globalization

7. 2. Dimensions of Market Globalization • Integration and interdependence of national economies • Rise of regional economic integration blocs • Growth of global investment and financial flows • Convergence of buyer lifestyles and preferences • Globalization of production activities • Globalization of services The Drivers and Dimensions of Market Globalization

8. Dimensions of Market Globalization Globalization of production: To cut costs, firms manufacture in low labor-cost locations, such as Mexico and Eastern Europe. Firms also source services from abroad. Globalization of services: Banking, hospitality, retailing, and other service industries are rapidly internationalizing. Firms outsource business processes and other services in the value chain to vendors overseas. And, in a new trend, many people go abroad to take advantage of low-cost services.

9. Dimensions of Market Globalization Growth of global investment and financial flows: Associated with rapid growth in foreign direct investment (FDI), currency trading, and global capital markets.

10. Dimensions of Market Globalization Integration and interdependence of national economies: Results from firms’ collective international activities. Governments contribute by lowering trade and investment barriers. Rise of regional economic integration blocs: Free trade areas are formed by two or more countries to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade and investment.

11. Four most important economic blocks NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) EU (European Union) MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del Cono Sul - Southern Cone Common Market) ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

12. Other regional trade blocks, regional economic partnerships and free trade associations ANDEAN (Andean Community Countries) BSEC (Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation) CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Caribbean Community (CARICOM) CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) SADC (Southern Africa Development Community) COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) EFTA (European Free Trade Association) GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) MEFTA (Middle East Free Trade Area) Pacific Community SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

13. Four Types of Risk in IB

14. Four Types of Risk in IB  Weak Partner  Operational Problems  Timing of entry  Competitive intensity  Poor execution of strategy Commercial Risk Types of Risks in International Business Cross-Cultural Risk Currency/Financial Risk  Cultural distance  Negotiation patterns  Decision-making styles  Ethical practices  Currency exposure  Asset valuation  Foreign taxation  Inflationary and transfer pricing  Global sourcing Country (Political and Legal) Risk  Social/political unrest and instability  Economic mismanagement; inflation  Distribution of income; size of middle class  Government intervention, bureaucracy, red tape  Market access; barriers; profit repatriation  Legal safeguards for intellectual property right

15. Knowledgecast Summary • Demonstrate a sound appreciation of current strategic management concepts • Assess current developments in the organisational environment and alternative responses related to strategy

17. Seminar Environmental Audit – In this seminar, we will continue to explore environmental analysis using the Mini case study (INSIDE DYSON: a distinctive company?) found on page 115 of one of your recommended reading text –Exploring corporate strategy by Johnson and Scholes 9th edition Be prepared to present your answers to the questions that follow in a power point presentation as a group and be ready to answer questions from your colleagues and Tutor . Each group will have 7 minutes presentation time and 3 minutes Q&A.

18. Group Activity Preparation for Regular Assignment In this group activity, you will continue to work in your consultancy groups to research and gather information on your main case study in preparation for your regular assignment (group presentation) It will also serve as an opportunity to seek clarification and ask for support from your tutor on all aspects of the assignment including scope and rubric.