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A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al- Ain

A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al- Ain. Graduation Project Course (GP2). Contents. Project summary Location Building detailed design Atrium space zone Services and Offices The bridge zone The Bus Movement Area Structure detailed design

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A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al- Ain

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  1. A Flexible, Effective Design of a Small Transit Bus Station in Al-Ain Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  2. Contents • Project summary • Location • Building detailed design • Atrium space zone • Services and Offices • The bridge zone • The Bus Movement Area • Structure detailed design • Tree Structure Design & Calculation • Waffled slab design & calculation • Basment floor suggested structure • Safety consideration • Conclusion Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  3. Project SummaryWhat is the project? • This project represents a proposal for bus station in Al Ain, taking into consideration: • architectural and structural engineering concepts • Transportation traffic circulation • Urban design of the site

  4. Project SummaryWhy this project? • According to the Department of Transportation Statistics, the existing bus station is totally unprepared to serve the people current and future needs. This in turn lead Al-Ain city to suffer from lack of public transportation.

  5. Project SummaryObjectives • The main goals of this project are: • Redevelop the bus station area to respond to the rising needs for a facility that would encourage people to use the public transportation. • The new proposed facility would provide integration between station, the oasis and other surrounding amenities. • To design a lightweight structural system that integrates physically and visually with its surroundings, particularly with the Oasis.

  6. Objectives Our project design Objectives are: • Design with added new facilities. • Achieve the safety circulation inside &outside the building. • Organize traffic circulation. • Visual harmony with surrounding environment. • Provide a flexible design of plans in term of functions.

  7. Architectural problem (Existing site problem ) N N N Site Boundary Site Boundary Unauthorized Parking. Bus stop shelter Main Street Main Street Sub Street Alain Oasis Site Boundary Bus Circulation. Sub Street Main Street Sub Street

  8. Engineering Problem Statement Transit structures, including stations, are subjected to a wide range of loads and forces concentrate erection. So the main engineering problem are : • The decision of alternative structure type that can carry the loads calculated. • The structure alternative required being light weight and can carry the span designed. • Engineer should develops the structural systems designs within the context of the archituctural concept.

  9. Location • The chosen site is at the north of Al Ain Oasis and it is based on the new visionary plan Al Ain 2030, which is developed by Urban Planning council (UPC). Site Location

  10. Atrium space zone Services & offices Bridge zone Building detailed design • Generally, in the bus station there are 4 main zones which are • Atrium space zone • Services and Offices • The bridge zone • The Bus Movement Area • Each one of them were designed according to some specifications and challenges

  11. Atrium space zone • The integration of the building with the surrounding environment which is the oasis environment is intelligible in this zone.

  12. Atrium space zone • Aviary project column design is inspired from the surrounded trees style. The building skin is transparent to achieve the integration with the surrounded. • Tree column structure system to support the roof and its design taken from the palm tree • Distribute the tree column according to the modularity and straight lines as in palm trees farms • Use a glass walls to achieve the transparency and the integration

  13. Legend Atrium space zone Services & offices Bridge zone Services and Offices • Two floors contain: • Vertical circulation • Fire escape • Offices • Access to the waiting areas (bridge) • Mechanical equipments (air handling units) located at the top of this zone. Main Entrance View to the oasis

  14. The bridge zone • It represents a waiting area for passenger to avoid the risk that might happen in the bus circulation area or in the drop off area. Escalators were included directly in the drop area part and prevent the passengers from crossing the street.

  15. The Bus Movement Area • The bus movement area was designed to achieve the safety for the passengers and also to avoid the traffic circulation for the buses.

  16. Basment floor plan N Basement floor plan scale1:500

  17. First floor plan N First floor plan scale1:500

  18. Ground floor plan N Ground floor planscale1:500

  19. Site plan N Site plan scale1:500

  20. Structure detailed design • Tree Structure Design & Calculation • Waffled slab design & calculation • Basement suggested structure Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  21. Tree Structure distribution Modular Distribution Different tributary areas Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  22. Tree Structure Design Roof Tree column Tree members Tree column Beam (purling) X member with sub branch Crossed member Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  23. Load calculation for Tree members Dead Load (D.L) : • Weight of the upper roof (aluminum sandwich panel). • Weight of purling (roof beams). • Own weight of the tree members. Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  24. Load calculation for Tree members 1. Upper roof weight: • ATributary = 12.5*12.5=156.25m2 • Thicknessof aluminum sandwich panel = 0.2m, Panel = 13.9 Kg/m2 • D.L panel= A Tributary* panel = (156.25)*(13.9) = 2171.875 Kg = 21.72 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  25. Load calculation for Tree members 2. Purling weight: • From LRFD manual, Table 1-5, page 1-34, we select section C9 X 20, properties: Ib/ft= 20, Depth= 9 in=0.23m, Length = 12.5m = 42.52ft, #purling = 6 • D.L of Purling = 20 (Ib/ft) *(42.52ft) = 850.4 Ib = 3.8 kN*6= 22.8 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  26. Load calculation for Tree members 3. Own weight of the member: • From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, we select section Hss7.625X0.328, Properties: Ib/ft=25.59, D= 0.2m, I = 47.1 in4=0.2 m4, A=28.5in2= 0.02m2 L of xmember =7.5m =24.6 ft, # of x =4 crossed L of crossed member = 5m=16.4ft, # of crossed member= 4 # sub branch member= 8 Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  27. Load calculation for Tree members 3. Own weight of the member: Weight of x main branch= 25.59 lb/ft*24.6 ft= 629.514 Ib =2.8 kN* 4 =11.2 kN Weight of cross branch= 25.59 lb/ft*16.4 ft= 419.7 Ib =1.8 kN=2 kN*4 =8 kN Assume that weight of sub branches= 0.5 kN *8 = 4 kN Total weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  28. Load calculation for Tree members 4. Total dead load: • Upper roof weight= 21.72 kN • Purling weight= 22.8 kN • weight of all members = 11.2 + 4 + 8 = 23.2 KN • Total dead load= 21.72+ 22.74 + 23.2 = 67.66 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  29. Load calculation for Tree members Live Load (L.L) : • From ASCE 7-05, Table 4-1, (page 13): Lo= 0.96 kN/m2 • Reduction for live load(see appendix 5) Lr= Lo R1 R2 0.58≤ Lr ≤0.96 At=156.25 m2 ≥ 55.74 m2 R1=0.6 Flat Roof F≤4 R2=1 Lr= 0.96*0.6*1= 0.576 = 0.58 kN/m2 Lr=0.58*At=0.58*156.25= 90.625 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  30. Load calculation for Tree members Ultimate load : • D.L= 67.66 kN • L.L= 90.625 kN • Using American concrete institute ACI-08: Wu=1.2 D.L+1.6 L.L= 1.2*(67.66) +1.6*(90.625) = 226.2 KN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  31. Structure analysis for Tree members • Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points : P = = = 14.1375 kN Member A Elevation Plan Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  32. Structure analysis for Tree members • Assumed that the total load carried equally on 16 points : P = = = 14.1375 kN Member A Elevation Plan Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  33. 14.14 sin  8.8kN Structure analysis for Tree members 11.04kN 14.14 cos  14.14 kN 14.14 kN 14.14 kN 28.28 cos  28.28 kN 22.1 kN C C C 17.5kN 28.28sin  28.28kN 5m 5m 5m B B B = 38.66 = 38.66 = 38.66 A A A 3.125m 3.125m 3.125m 3.125m 3.125m 3.125m 28.28 kN Structure analysis for member A Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  34. Structure analysis for Tree members • ∑Ma =0 • =14.14(6.25) + 28.28 (3.125) =176.75 kN.m • ∑Fx a (normal force) =0 • =8.8 + 17.5 =26.3 kN • ∑Fy a (shear force) =0 • =11.04 + 22.1 = 33.14 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  35. Structure analysis for Tree members • Ma = 176.75 kN.m • N =26.3 kN • V = 33.14 kN • A= 0.02m2 • I= 0.2 m4 • Y= 0.1 m • ≤ fy = 42 Ksi (289579.8 kN/m2) • Ok 1,403.4 Kn/m2 ≤ 289579.8 kN/m2 Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  36. Load calculation for Tree column • To calculate the total loads of the column we did consider: • Weight from tree members • Own weight of the column . Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  37. Load calculation for Tree column Wight from the Member: • P= 226.192 kN • Own weight of the column: • From LRFD manual, table 1-13, page 1-94, • we select section Hss 20X0.5 ,Properties: • Ib/ft=104, D= 0.5 m, I = 1360 in4= 5.7*10-4 m4, A=28.5 in2= 0.02 m2 • Own wt of the column = 104 Ib/ft * 27.9 ft = 2,901.6 Ib = 13 kN P 8.5m Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  38. Load calculation for Tree column Total Wight on tree column: • P= 226.192 kN • Own wt of the column =13 kN • Total weight on the column = 13 + 226.192 = 239.2 kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  39. Structure analysis for Tree column • Stress check • Check for global buckling • Local buckling Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  40. Load calculation for Tree column Stress check: • F = = =11,960 kN/m2 ≤ fy =289579.8 kN/m2 Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  41. Load calculation for Tree column Global bulking : • Find (KL) is called the effective buckling length of the column, From LRFD manual, TABLE C-C2.2 (p. 16.1-240), we choose K= 2 • L= length of the column = 27.9ft= 55.8 ft • KL= 2*27.9ft= 55.8 ft Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  42. Load calculation for Tree column Global bulking : • 2. calculate the slenderness ratio : • Steel type = A572 Grade 50 . • HSS 20X0.5: r = 6.91 in • Preferably should not exceed 200 • 96.9 ≤ 200 No. Global bucling Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  43. Load calculation for Tree column Local bucling: • From Table B4.1 of the AISC code, pages 16.1-16 to 16.1-18, For circular hollow section • D/t = 43 < 0.11E/Fy = 0.11E/Fy = 0.11*(29000/50) = 63.8 • No local buckling Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  44. Waffled slab design Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  45. Load calculation We did design the waffled slab in two ways: • First, by using the ACI code and standard dimension. • Second, by using the company standard dimension. Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  46. Load calculation ACI code ,Dead load : • From ASCE7-05 code, Table C3-2 (page 266): ϫconc = 22.6 kN/m3 • Slab own weight= thickness of the slab *unit weight of concrete* span = 0.2m*22.6(kN/m3)* 12.5m = 56.5 kN • From ASCE7, Table C3-1 (page 265): F.C weight = 1.58 kN/M2 • Floor cover weight= 1.58(kn/m2) = 1.58*(12.5*25)= 493.75 kN • Ribs weight = (0.5*0.24)*22.6KN/m3* 12.5m =33.9 KN • Total D.L= 56.5 + 493.75 + 50.85= 601.1kN Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  47. 0.6m 0.8m 1m 0.15m As shrinkage As main

  48. Load calculation Company code : Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  49. Load calculation Company code : Graduation Project Course (GP2)

  50. Load calculation Company code : Graduation Project Course (GP2)

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