Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment

1. Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment Chapter One

2. Work of Management Planning Directing and Motivating Controlling

3. Select alternative that does the best job of furtheringorganization’s objectives. Develop budgets to guideprogress toward theselected alternative. Planning Identifyalternatives.

4. Directing and Motivating Directing and motivating involves managing day-to-day activities to keep the organization running smoothly. • Employee work assignments. • Routine problem solving. • Conflict resolution. • Effective communications.

5. Controlling The control function ensuresthat plans are being followed. Feedback in the form of performance reportsthat compare actual results with the budgetare an essential part of the control function.

6. Exh. 1-1 Planning and Control Cycle Formulating long-and short-term plans (Planning) Begin Comparing actualto planned performance (Controlling) Implementing plans (Directing and Motivating) DecisionMaking Measuringperformance (Controlling)

7. Exh. 1-2 Comparison of Financial and Managerial Accounting

8. Costs Terms, Concepts and Classifications Chapter Two

9. AN OVERVIEW OF COST TERMS

10. COST CLASSIFICATIONS IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

11. Product costs include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Period costs include all marketing or selling costs and administrative costs. Inventory Expense Cost of Good Sold Sale BalanceSheet IncomeStatement IncomeStatement Product Costs Versus Period Costs

12. Materials waiting to be processed. Partially complete products – some material, labor, or overhead has been added. Completed products awaiting sale. Balance Sheet Merchandiser Current assets • Cash • Receivables • Prepaid Expenses • Merchandise Inventory • Manufacturer • Current Assets • Cash • Receivables • Prepaid Expenses • Inventories • Raw Materials • Work in Process • Finished Goods

13. The Income Statement Cost of goods sold for manufacturers differs only slightly from cost of goods sold for merchandisers.

14. Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Calculates the cost of raw material, direct labor and manufacturing overhead used in production. Calculates the manufacturing costs associated with goods that were finished during the period.

15. Product Cost Flows As items are removed from raw materials inventory and placed into the production process, they arecalled direct materials.

16. Conversion costs are costs incurred to convert the direct material into a finished product. Product Cost Flows

17. Product Cost Flows All manufacturing costs incurred during the period are added to the beginning balance of work in process.

18. Product Cost Flows Costs associated with the goods that are completed during the period are transferred to finished goods inventory.

19. Product Cost Flows

20. Material Purchases Raw Materials Direct Labor Work in Process ManufacturingOverhead Cost of GoodsSold FinishedGoods Period Costs Selling andAdministrative Selling andAdministrative Manufacturing Cost Flows Income StatementExpenses Balance Sheet Costs Inventories

21. AN OVERVIEW OF COST TERMS

22. Cost Classifications for Predicting Cost Behavior How a cost will react to changes in the level of activity within the relevant range. • Total variable costschange when activity changes. • Total fixed costsremain unchanged when activity changes.

23. Total Long DistanceTelephone Bill Per MinuteTelephone Charge Minutes Talked Minutes Talked Variable Cost TOTAL PER UNIT

24. Monthly Rent Expense per Units sold Monthly Rent Expense Number of units sold Number of Local Calls Fixed Cost TOTAL PER UNIT

25. AN OVERVIEW OF COST TERMS

26. Direct costs Costs that can beeasily and conveniently traced to a unit of product or other cost object. Examples: direct material and direct labor Indirect costs Costs that cannot be easily and conveniently traced to a unit of product or other cost object. Example: manufacturing overhead Assigning Costs to Cost Objects

27. AN OVERVIEW OF COST TERMS