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Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution TF HTAP

Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution TF HTAP. Glynis C. Lough, Ph.D. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air & Radiation BAQ Indonesia, December 2006. CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTANTS.

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Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution TF HTAP

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  1. Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air PollutionTF HTAP Glynis C. Lough, Ph.D. Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air & Radiation BAQ Indonesia, December 2006

  2. CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTANTS • LRTAP was the first multilateral treaty on air pollution (1979) • LRTAP has developed Protocols to address Sulphur Ground-level ozone NOx Persistent Organic Pollutants VOC Acidification and Eutrophication Heavy Metals • LRTAP Protocols have evolved • Initial agreements required simple, uniform emission reductions from all parties • Current agreements allow differentiated responsibilities to achieve policy goals in a cost-effective manner

  3. CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION 50 Parties in Europe, North America and Central Asia

  4. MECHANISMS OF TRANSPORT IN NORTHERN MID-LATITUDES Transport may be observed as • Discrete events in which plumes of pollution can be tracked across oceans and continents • An increase in general background concentrations of pollutants From Hajime Akimoto

  5. MODELED SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO SURFACE OZONE OVER TOKYO IN SPRING Contributions to Surface O3 over Tokyo (ppbv) Yoshitomi, Wild, and Akimoto, 2006

  6. Implementation Committee LRTAP Executive Body EMEP Steering Body Working Groupon Effects Working Group onStrategies and Review Task Force onEmission Inventoriesand Projections ICP Forests Task Force Programme Coordinating Centre Expert Group on Ammonia Abatement Task Force onMeasurement and Modelling ICPIntegrated Monitoring Task Force Task Force on Heavy Metals Programme Centre Chemical Coordinating Centre Coordination Centre for Effects ICP Modelling and Mapping Task Force Network of Experts on Benefits and Economic Instruments Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West ICP Materials Task Force Main Research Centre Expert Group on Techno-economic Issues Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East ICP Vegetation Task Force Programme Centre Task Forceon POPs Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling ICP Waters Task Force Programme Centre Expert Group on Particulate Matter Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling Task Force Health Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution

  7. TASK FORCE ON HEMISPHERIC TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTIONTF HTAP • The TF was created by the LRTAP Executive Body in December 2004 • The TF is under the leadership of the European Community and the United States • The TF participants are Experts: • Nominated by national governments; • Representing intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and accredited non-governmental organizations (NGOs); • Representing other bodies under the LRTAP Convention; • Invited by the Co-Chairs • The Executive Body encouraged the TF to engage participants from Non-UNECE countries

  8. TASK FORCE ON HEMISPHERIC TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTIONTF HTAP • The TF is charged to plan and conduct the technical work necessary to: • Develop a fuller understanding of hemispheric transport of air pollution • Estimate the hemispheric transport of specific air pollutants for use in review of LRTAP protocols • Prepare technical reviews for submission to the Steering Body of EMEP • The TF discusses scientific questions, not policy

  9. TASK FORCE FOCUS QUESTIONS 1. How does hemispheric transport affect air pollution? 2. How much do emissions in one country or region affect air pollution in another country or region? 3. How confident are we of the results? What is our best estimate of the uncertainties? • How will changes in emissions in one country or region affect air pollution in another country or region? 5. How may these relationships change over the next 20 to 50 years due to changes in emissions? 6. How may these relationships change due to climate change? 7. What efforts are needed to develop an integrated system of observation data and models?

  10. TASK FORCE ACTIVITIES Past Meetings • June 2005: 1st TF Meeting, Brussels • January 2006: Workshop, Washington • Model Intercomparison and Evaluation • June 2006: 2nd TF Meeting, Moscow • October 2006: Workshop, Beijing • Emissions Inventories and Future Projections Future Meetings • January 2007: Workshop, Geneva • TFHTAP/WMO Integrated Observations • May 2007: 3rd TF Meeting, London

  11. ASSESSMENT REPORTS: TF HTAP 2007 Interim Report • Investigate the significance of intercontinental transport of air pollutants within the Northern Hemisphere • Goal: Inform the review of the Gothenburg Protocol • Focus on Ozone and Particulate Matter 2009 Assessment Report • Full assessment of the scientific understanding of hemispheric transport of air pollutants • Builds on 2007 Interim report • Focus on Ozone and Particulate matter, PLUS Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutants

  12. TASK FORCE PROCESS • TF Co-Chairs report to the EMEP Steering Body • Reports are the consensus of the FULL group of participants • Reports and conclusions are NOT by vote • Co-Chairs work to provide balance in workshops, meetings, and reports • The TF balances multiple regional perspectives, national opinions, and scientific viewpoints • TF participants have equal say at meetings and workshops • TF process is transparent • Up-to-date information is posted on the website (www.htap.org), including: • Assessment reports • Current and planned analytical activities • Upcoming meetings and details of past meetings

  13. HOW CAN NON-UNECE COUNTRIES PARTICIPATE? • Non-UNECE countries can nominate experts to the Task Force • Non-UNECE Experts in the Task Force: • Are full participants in the Task Force • Have equal say meetings and workshops • Participate as authors and reviewers of assessment reports • Participate in model intercomparisons and other collaborative analyses • Non-UNECE countries have also been invited to participate as observers to the EMEP Steering Body and LRTAP Executive Body

  14. NON-UNECE PARTICIPATION: BENEFITS • Participate in scientific exchange • Air Quality/multi media modeling • Satellite/Aircraft observations • Fusion of many data sets (ground-based, satellite, aircraft) • Emissions inventories and projections • Links between air quality and climate change • Insights for local and national air quality management • Lay foundation for further cooperation • Scientific collaboration • Management of local/regional air quality • Non-UNECE participants can use the tools and expertise from UNECE participants to build technical capacity in their home countries

  15. SUMMARY • The Task Force is an effort to build a common understanding of how air quality issues are linked throughout the hemisphere • Example: An increase in the background concentration of ozone affects everyone across the hemisphere • Participation by all countries in the Northern Hemisphere will ensure robust development of a credible scientific assessment of the intercontinental transport of air pollutants in the Hemisphere • The Task Force addresses scientific questions. The TF is not a voting body, and does not make policy • The LRTAP Convention may be a useful model for cooperation in other regions or building blocks for broader cooperation, and the LRTAP Parties are interested in furthering bilateral and multilateral cooperation to address air pollution problems • The Task Force may offer a way to build connections between such regional efforts as EANET, Male, CAI-Asia, ASEAN, ABC, and GAPF

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