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VIETNAM WAR

VIETNAM WAR. 1950. President Truman gives $10 million in aid to the French fighting the communist Vietnamese forces led by Ho Chi Minh. 1954. France lose war Vietnam split in half North controlled by commie leader H.C. Minh U.S. becomes main supporter of S. Vietnam. 1961.

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VIETNAM WAR

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  1. VIETNAM WAR

  2. 1950 • President Truman gives $10 million in aid to the French fighting the communist Vietnamese forces led by Ho Chi Minh

  3. 1954 • France lose war • Vietnam split in half • North controlled by commie leader H.C. Minh • U.S. becomes main supporter of S. Vietnam

  4. 1961 • Kennedy send thousands of military “advisors” to South Vietnam

  5. 1963 • Sixty U.S. “advisors” are killed in action

  6. 1964 • North Vietnamese gunboats attack a U.S. naval ship • President Johnson asks Congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution Gives the President authority to use unlimited military force in Vietnam

  7. 1965 • U.S. begins bombing of North Vietnam

  8. 1967 • President Johnson increases ground troops to 500,000 • Young drafted soldiers did one year “tour of duty” • Weapons no match for guerilla tactics of Vietcong

  9. Vietcong • South Vietnamese who were loyal to & fought for Communist North Vietnam

  10. Agent Orange • A leaf-killing pesticide

  11. 1968 • Vietcong launch the Tet Offensive • Communist forces launched an all-out attack against targeted cities in S. Vietnam • TV showed huge gains for Commie’s • My Lai Massacre • Increase of anti-war protest back in U.S. • Low morale among U.S. troops • MLK Jr. & Robert Kennedy assassinated

  12. Doves vs. Hawks DOVES Wanted Peace HAWKS Wanted War

  13. Hippies & the Counterculture • People against the war • Preached love & nonviolence • Adopted a style of life & dress that offended older people • Hair long • Taking drugs • Valued personal honesty & creativity • Opposed marriage, patriotism & business Only a minority

  14. Credibility Gap • Two different sides were being presented to the public • Government’s view vs. Public’s view Kent St. Protest – 4 killed; National guard opened fire on peaceful demonstration

  15. Anti-war Groups • SDS • Weathermen

  16. 1969 • Richard Nixon starts to withdraw troops • It’s call Vietnamization • Gradual withdrawal of troops from Vietnam 1970 – Nixon orders invasion & bombings of Cambodia

  17. 1971 – NY Times v. U.S. • NY Times wanted to publish the Pentagon Papers, which was U.S. foreign policy on Vietnam. • Fed. Gov’t sues to stop publication for security reasons • Supreme Court rules in favor of NY Times • Victory for freedom of the press

  18. 1973 – War Powers Act • W/in 48 hrs. of sending troops into combat, Pres. must inform Congress of the reasons for the action • If U.S. troops are involved in fighting abroad more than 90 days, the Pres. must obtain Congress’s approval for continuing the use of troops

  19. 1975 • South Vietnam invaded by North Vietnam • Communists takeover and unite the two

  20. Overall Costs • 58,000 died • 365,000 wounded • $150 billion • Strain on U.S. economy • National debt increases

  21. President Richard Nixon 1969-1974

  22. Domestic • Decreased the size & influence of the Federal Gov’t • Believed LBJ’s Great Society gave the Fed. Gov’t too much power

  23. New Federalism • Distribute a portion of federal power to state and local gov’ts

  24. Staflation • High inflation and high unemployment • Deficit spending • International • Minorities • Foreign oil

  25. SALT I • Froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels

  26. Realpolitik • “Real Politics” • Foreign policy based on what is really happen and not ideology/fantasy

  27. China

  28. 26th Amendment • 18 year olds the right to vote

  29. Watergate • President Nixon orders a break-in into Democratic Party national headquarters

  30. US v. Nixon • Pres. Nixon refuses to give up Oval Office tapes as evidence of his knowledge of the Watergate break-in. • “Above the law”

  31. EPA

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