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Sexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants Topics: 2022D, 2022E, 2022F, 2022G Amanda Trutsch

Sexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants Topics: 2022D, 2022E, 2022F, 2022G Amanda Trutsch. Sexual Reproduction includes:. - Pollination. - Fertilization. - Seed production. *NOTE: Pollination and fertilization are separate processes! . Parts of a flower:.

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Sexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants Topics: 2022D, 2022E, 2022F, 2022G Amanda Trutsch

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  1. Sexual Reproduction of Flowering Plants Topics: 2022D, 2022E, 2022F, 2022G Amanda Trutsch

  2. Sexual Reproduction includes: - Pollination - Fertilization - Seed production *NOTE: Pollination and fertilization are separate processes!

  3. Parts of a flower: http://www.ualr.edu/~botany/flower_parts.jpg

  4. Pollination is: the process of moving the pollen grain from the anther of a stamen (male organ)to the stigma of a carpel (female organs). Pollen contains sperm cells. Self-pollination is: the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower, or to different flowers on the same plant. Cross-pollination is: the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant.

  5. Self-pollination: - More effective - Almost guarantees pollination - Isn’t dependent on outside variables for pollination Cross-pollination: - Increases genetic variability

  6. Methods of Pollen Distribution: - Wind: pollen grains are carried by wind from one flower to another - Animals: Birds (hummingbirds) Insects (moths, butterflies, bees, flies) Mammals (bats)

  7. Flowers of wind pollinated plants are: - Small - Greenish or brown - No fragrance - Small or no petals - No nectar http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/types/images/cattail.jpg Examples include: Grasses, wheat or cattails

  8. Flowers that are pollinated by hummingbirds and butterflies are: - Tube shaped - Fragrant for butterflies, no fragrance for hummingbirds - Brightly colored, usually red attracts hummingbirds - Produce nectar which is an attractive “snack” http://www.indirectsunlight.com/images/scotland/2003-09-10/2003-09-11--Red%20flower.jpg http://ppng.home.comcast.net/abc/Butterfly_Bush_Lavendar.jpg

  9. Flowers that are pollinated by flies: - Brown or dark colored - Have a foul odor http://digital-picture-gallery.com/Orchids-LR-PO-SG/thm_Brown%20Spotted%20Orchid.jpg

  10. Flowers that are pollinated by bees are: - Fragrant (nectar as a “reward”) - Brightly colored with nectar guides visibly only with UV light that bees can see, which directs bees to the center of the flower - Sweet fragrance - Produce nectar http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/flowering-annuals/pansy-flower.jpg

  11. Flowers that are pollinated by bats or moths: - Tube shaped - Fragrant - White or yellow which can be seen easily at night - Sometimes only open at night http://fcbs.org/images/Tillandsia/t_streptocarpa_white_flowers_hp.jpg

  12. Fertilization: process of sperm reaching the egg - Cells of many plant flowers are diploid (two sets of chromosomes). Represented by 2n - Some of these cells undergo a process of cell division called miosis. This process causes the chromosomes number to be halved and the result are the “daughter cells”. - The daughter cells are haploid (one set of chromosomes). Represented by 1n - The daughter cells undergo another process of cell division called mitosis, which produce more haploid egg or sperm cells. - When these cells come together (fertilization) they form the zygote, which is then diploid.

  13. zygote.swarthmore.edu/ plantfig10.gif

  14. Process of Fertilization - After the pollen grain lands on the stigma, it develops a pollen tube which travels down the style. - The pollen grain releases a sperm cell, in some cases 2 sperm cells. - The sperm travel down the pollen tube and reach the ovary then enter the ovule. - If there are 2 sperm cells, one fertilizes the egg while the other fuses with another cell and produce the endosperm. This is called double fertilization.

  15. http://www.saburchill.com/images04/0107.jpg

  16. Development of Seed - The diploid zygote forms the embryo. These cells will later divide and form parts of the seed. - Cells in the outer layer of the ovule harden and become the seed coat. - The endosperm grows and becomes the food source for the growing seed.

  17. 3 Essential Parts of a Seed: - Embryo - Embryonic root (radicle) - Shoot (plumule) - Food Reserve (endosperm in a monocot, cotyledon in a dicot) - Seed coat

  18. www.huntersponyfarm.com/ garden/seeds_di_mono.gif

  19. www.huntersponyfarm.com/ garden/seeds_di_mono.gif

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