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Essential Question

Essential Question. Why was Cornwallis’ march to Yorktown the fatal mistake that led to overall Patriot victory? . The Revolutionary War Ends . Chapter 7 Section 3 (Pt II). A Fatal Mistake. Lord Cornwallis was greatly frustrated by his setbacks in the Carolinas

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Essential Question

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  1. Essential Question • Why was Cornwallis’ march to Yorktown the fatal mistake that led to overall Patriot victory?

  2. The Revolutionary War Ends Chapter 7 Section 3 (Pt II)

  3. A Fatal Mistake • Lord Cornwallis was greatly frustrated by his setbacks in the Carolinas • He had deduced that the southern rebels were being supplied from VA • W/o waiting for orders from commanding Gen. Henry Clinton, Cornwallis marched into VA

  4. Trapped at Yorktown • While in VA, Cornwallis received orders to march his army to NY • He ignored these orders and decided to set up a base on VA’s Yorktown peninsula • From there Cornwallis expected to be resupplied via the Chesapeake Bay • Unfortunately, Cornwallis’ decision left his army isolated, vulnerable, and at risk of being trapped

  5. Summary/Test Question • The British army who surrender effectively ended the Revolutionary War was led by whom? • John Burgoyne • Henry Clinton • Lord Cornwallis • Baron von Steuben

  6. The Battle of Yorktown • The British tried to protect themselves @ Yorktown by encircling the town w/ redoubts • These small, artillery-laden forts were meant to keep CA artillery at a distance • Once the CA arrived, though, they methodically attacked and captured each redoubt one at a time • Soon, CA cannon were in range to bombard Cornwallis’ positions w/i the town

  7. Patriot Victory!! • Cornwallis quickly realized he had no way out via a land route • He pinned all of his hopes on being rescued by the British fleet via Chesapeake Bay • However, a large French fleet of warships stationed in the Caribbean arrived in the bay first, and stopped the British fleet from saving Cornwallis’ army • At that point (Oct. 19, 1781), Cornwallis had no choice but to surrender his 8,000 remaining troops • The Rev. War, for all intents and purposes, was over!

  8. Why the Americans Won • Though they faced daunting obstacles, the Americans were able to win independence • Contributing factors to victory, some which only became apparent as the war progressed, were: • Patriots fought for a unified cause (life, family, liberty) • Patriots fought on their “home field” • Shorter supply lines • Easier communication • Civilian support • Foreign Allies (France, Spain, Dutch) • Strong Leadership (GW, Lafayette, Von Steuben, etc.) • The combination of these factors overcame the seemingly overwhelming military advantages of the British

  9. The Terms • The terms of the treaty were: • Britain must recognize the U.S. as free and independent • The U.S. borders were set at the Miss. R, Canada, & Florida • The U.S. would receive fishing rights off Canada’s coast • Britain would return captured slaves • Both sides agreed to repay debts owed to each other* • Congress would recommend to the states that they either purchase or return any property seized from Loyalists* * Many Americans were not happy with these particular terms

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